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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. % 



Chap. .K^V^ 






^ 



E E C O K D 



OF THE 



THIRTY-THIRD MASSACHUSETTS 



VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 



FROM 



AUG. 1862 TO AUG. 1865, 



By ANDREW J. BOIES 



' ""'.i-c^i.- 



FITCH BURG: ' 

PRINTED BY THE SENTINEL PRINTING COMPANY. 
1880. 



i.^- 



B 



l^ cL 



DEDICATION. 



TO 
MY OLD COMRADES OF THE 330; 

TO 

ALL LOYAL HEARTS, 

AND 

TO THOSE WHOSE DEAR ONES DIED FOR FREEDOM, 

THIS DIARY 

IS INSCRIBED. 



PREFACE. 



My object in presenting to the public the following pages is, 
to keep in memory some of the deeds of daring, acts of self-denial, 
unshrinking fortitude, patient endurance and pure patriotism of the 
"Brave Boys" who followed the flag upon the sanguinary fields of 
Bull Run, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Atlanta, 
and many other fields of blood and glory. 

It aims to give a true picture of the chivalrous exploits as dis- 
played in the army during the three years of the Rebellion. It may 
be called the ''Corporal's Diary." The material has been gathered 
from only one source, and can be relied upon as authentic. The 
work is not perfect. Exact order is not always adhered to in the 
arrangement. There is much that has been left out ; Init with my 
knowledge of the circumstances of the case 1 can only say that the 
Corporal has done the best he could. Had it been my plan to write a 
history, the diary contains enough material which might be easily 
expanded, and as I do not wish to assume the position of an Au- 
thor, I hold in check my pen, and content myself with the modest 
title of Compiler. It being difficult to please everybody, and in fact, 
impossible, therefore I have nut tried. 

These are simple facts — having been gathered while on the march 
and in the camp ; and I present them with the humble, yet sincere 
hope that they may do their part in fostering a true sense of the real 
dignity, and the immeasurable worth of all my comrades who 
showed their bravery, heroism and fortitude in the hour of our coun- 
try's trial ; when principles, and not mere preferences, were at stake. 
Then : — 

" "Witli M't'lcoino to wounding', and conduit, and scars, 
And the glory fd' death for the Stripes and the Stars." 

FiTCHBURG, Mass. A. J. B, 



EECOED. 



We struck tents on Thursday morning, Aug. 14th, at Camp Stanton, 
Lynnfield, arriving in Boston at 3 p. m., took up our line of march to the 
Providence depot, and at 5 o'clock we embarked for the seat of war, 
arriving at Norwich at 1 2 midnight. We left the cars, and to the tune of 
"The Raw Recruit," we marched on board the steamer Plymouth Rock, 
arriving at Jersey city at 9.4.. u. on the morning of the 15th; rested 
two hours, then took the cars for Philadelphia, arriving at 12 o'clock at 
night. The citizens were awaiting our arrival, and gave us a grand re- 
ception. After satisfying the inner man, we marched for one mile to 
the depot, amid cheers and loud huzzahs from the multitude, and a 
hearty "God speed." Once more seated in the cars, we started for Bal- 
timore, arriving at 10 a. m, on the i6th. Our regiment here formed a 
line, preparatory to a march through the city, and this being the place 
where the Old Sixth was assaulted, our colonel (Maggi) gave us orders 
to load, briefly stating to us to be gentlemanly and orderly, but if insult- 
ed, or our rights trodden upon, to fire, and shoot them on the spot. 
VVe obeyed the injunction, and everything passed f^uietly as we went 
marching on ; we got a poor reception while here. At 4 o'clock we left 
for Washington, arriving at 6 in the evening, making the distance of 506 
miles in the short space of a few hours. VVe then repaired to the Sol- 
diers' Rest, partook of our first "salt horse" and coffee, then bivouacked 
in an old shed, upon some straw, with our knapsack for a pillow. 

Aug. 19. I am tenting with Jubb, Buckley, Ackroyd and Owens, and 
we are as jolly a set as you would wish to see. 

I have visited the Capitol — a most magnificent edifice. It is built of 
marble and covers seven acres of ground. 

Aug. 20, through 24th. These are stirring times ; all is bustle, hurry 
and anxiety; cleaning guns, inpsecting our ammunition, adjusting 
straps, lightening our knapsacks, writing letters, preparatory to a move. 

Aug. 25. Struck tents, this (Sunday) morning, en route for Alexan- 
dria, Va., arriving about dark ; pitched tents, went on guard. U'e are 
among the most vile of Secessionists. 

This city is a port of entry, in the District of Columbia, on the south 
bank of the Potomac river. It has some public buildings — such as an 



8 RECORD OF THE 3.31) MASS. VOEUNTEER INFAXTRV. 

Episcopal church, bank, academy and court house. Eight miles below, 
on the Virginia side of the Potomac, is Mt. Vernon, the celebrated seat 
of George Washington. Alexandria is about seven miles from Washing- 
ton, in a southerly direction ; surface hilly, soil thin. 

Au(;. 26. Called off, to-day, to go and patrol the city. Had the 
pleasure of seeing some of my comrades from the i6th Regt., Mass. 
Vols. 

Aug. 27. Practising, to-day, at target-shooting, distance 100 yards. 
Received a letter from home. We are under marching orders, no one 
allowed to leave camp. 

Sefi'. 3. Relieved from duty in the city. Quite stirring times with 
us. Went on battalion drill. 

Sept. 5. Received a letter from home. In camp and awaiting or- 
ders. 

Sept. 6. Went on guard, to-day. We are liable to march at any mo- 
ment. Stonewall Jackson has not taken Washington yet, neither do I 
think he will. We had him "bagged" at the first ]>ull Run, but through 
the traitorisra of McDowell, we lost the day. 

Sei'T. 7. Just five miles from the battle-ground ; can hear the boom- 
ing of cannon ; slept on our arms all night ; our turn has not come yet. 
The 1 6th Mass. was in the fight and suffered badly. Callahan was 
wounded ; also Joseph Irish, slightly ; John Harris killed ; Capt. King a 
prisoner, all of Co. C. 

Sept. 8, through 13th, On duty in the city, assisting in emptying 
whiskey barrels and handling rough customers. Our colonel (Maggi) is 
one of the best men ever appointed to command. He calls us boys his 
"chickens," and he has the love and respect of both officers and men. 
We are under marching orders ; shall start soon. 

Sept. 14. Sunday morning — which finds me in good health and spir- 
its, and in camp at Fairf^ix Seminary, and is just the same as all other 
Sundays to me. 

Skit. 15. In camp awaiting orders. 

Sept. 16. Good news from "Fighting Joe Hooker." His victorious 
banners wave in the setting sun from the summit of South Mountain, 
and we are feeling jubilant. 

Sept. 17. During all the day long can be heard the rattling of mus- 
ketry, and the heavy booming of cannon, which keeps us on the alert. 

Sept. 18. Our regiment is on picket at Hull Run Bridge. Terrific 
fighting is going on. 11ie 35th Massachusetts is taking an active part. 



RECURD OF THE 33i) .MASS. VcJLUNTEER INFANTliV 



9 



We were expecting them (the rebels) to come upon us at any moment. 
Rut we are once more made happy, as our army has turned them m an- 
other direction, towards the Potomac. Hooker is wounded in the foot ; 
Gen. HartsufI' wounded ; Mansfield is no more. Sumner's, Franklin 
and Sedge wick's corps did their part ncbly. "Fighting Joe Hooker" has 
become a popular fe\orite with all of the boys, and though he lies upon 
his back in the rear, we shall soon expect to hear his old familiar voice, 
"Forward." We arc now througli for the night, ])ut we know not what 
will be in store for us to-morrow. We have arrived back to canip, tired 
and hungry. We ]:)artook of our "hard- tack" and coffee, and were then 
ordered off on a skirmish tour, some distance from camp. Everything 
seems to be working well up to the present time, and we feel confident 
that all will come out right by and by. Received a letter from home. 

Sept. ig-20-21. We have just returned from a skirmish tour; dis- 
tance from camp, 10 miles, in the direction of Bull Run ; were absent 
two days. Our living consisted of corn, potatoes, peaches and apples, 
from the plantatioir of Mason, a joint heir witli .Slidell. when captured on 
their way to Europe. 

Sept. 22. Have been on camp guard all day and I feel pretty tired. 
Little Mac has driven them out of Maryland. They tell us we shall eat 
dinner at home on next New Year's day, but I can't sec it. 

Sept. 23, to 29th. Been on patrol in the city for nearly a week. 
Nothing of importance has transpired. 

Oct. I Still guarding the city and awaiting orders. Our prospect 
for guarding the city all winter looks good. 

Oct. 2. Orders for to-day are, to l)e in readiness to march. Re- 
ceived a letter from home. It was like good news from a far country. 

Oct. 3. Still waiting for orders. 

Oct. 4. All ([uiet on the Potomac. 

Oct. 5. Sunday— We have passed in review ; services by the chap- 
lain. Dress parade. "Yankee Doodle" by the band, etc., etc. 

Oct. 6-7-8. Patiently waiting. 

Oct. 9. We are all up in arms, and getting ready for the march to 
the field. 

Oct. 10. We take the cars at 5 o'clock to join Gen. Siegebs division, 
and the word is, "Pack knapsacks." 

Oct. II. Saturday night — finds me at Fairfax court house. Left 
Camp Slough at 6 p. u., Friday, arriving at Fairfax Station at 9 p. m. 
Marched into n rebel field, and bivouacked for the nio'ln. in a drenchins,'' 



lO RECORD OF THE 33l> MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

rain. It rained in torrents all night. I arose at 3 o'clock, gathered 
some rails, made a fire, dried my blankets, made a breakfast on "hard- 
tack," salt horse and coffee. 

Oct. 12. Having two hours to spare, I took a walk over the battle- 
ground and was reminded of what we might soon expect. Saw a num- 
ber of graves where our brother comrades lay. Proceeded next to an 
old church that stood alone in an old field, deserted and forsaken. Up- 
on entering, found the remains of an old pulpit. On the front were the 
letters ip capitals, I. H. S. It proved to be a Catholic church. Taking 
my pencil from my pocket, I wrote the following ; 

Pri\ate a. J. BoiEs, 

and 

Corp'l. Wm. Crockett, 

Co. E, 33d REivr., Mass. Vols, 

Oct. 1 2th, 1862. 

Returned back to camp, slung knapsacks, marched six rniJes to Fair- 
fax court house, Siegel's headquarters. We number 10,000 strong. 
Pitched tents, and to-night finds me 600 miles from home, in an ene- 
my's land, and surrounded by rebels, but perfectly contented. 

Oct. 13. Company drill, fatigue duty, battalion drill, and close the 
day with dress parade. 

Ocr. 14. Received a letter from home. Drill and dress parade, as 
usual. 

Oct. 15. On guard all day. 

Oct. 16. Came off guard, this morning. Nothing to do until dress 
parade. Drill and dress parade, as usual. 

Oct. 17. Battalion drill, with a little fatigue duty. 

Oct. 18. We are expecting a grand review in a (ew days. 

Oct. 19. In camp ; laying out company streets, etc., etc. It is 
drill, drill, battalion drill, and dress parade. Everything is going on 
well. 

Oct. 20. We are making preparations for a grand review by the 
whole five regiments, which compose the brigade under Siegel. We ac- 
cordingly commenced to clean guns, brushing up and packing knap- 
sacks, and making ourselves as tidy as possible. 

Oct. 21. Arose at an early hour, breakfasted on "hard-tack" and 
coffee. Put on our belts, slung knapsacks, and fell into line, the 33d 
taking the lead, followed by the 136th, 137th and 138th New York, and 
64th Wisconsin regiiiients. Headed by our band, we started to the 
tune, "We are marching along." We passed down through the village 



RECORD OF THE 33u MASS. VOLUNTEER IXKANTRV. I I 

of Fairfax, now the headquarters of Gen. Siegel. Two of his old regi- 
ments were in line and received us with three rousing cheers and a "ti- 
ger." We then proceeded for about three miles towards Warrington. 
We have a strong force of our troops stationed here, and shall in all 
probability make an ad\'ance towards the eneni}' soon. We formed a 
line of battle and went through the manoeuvres of a regular fight. We 
practiced for an hour or more, and having given satisfaction to the gen- 
eral, as well as all other officers, we took a rest of 15 minutes. We then 
fell in and marched back to camp, arriving at 4 p. ivi., pretty well tired. 
Now I am detailed for guard. It is quite cold and I have to walk pretty 
fast to keep warm. 

Oct. 22. Have just come off guard Nothing to do until dress pa- 
rade. Received a letter from home. All is well. 

Oct. 23-24. Lounging around camp. 

Oct. 25. Saturday morning. The sun arose in all its splendor. .'Ml 
nature is lovely and everything seems to speak forth the praise of God. 
The mail has just arrived and brought me what I always love to get — a 
letter ; welcomed, I assure you. Went on battalion drill. Detailed for 
picket. 

Oct. 26. Sunday afternoon, 4 o'clock, just come in to camp from 
off picket, having been out all night. Commenced raining about 6 
o'clock, this morning. It is raining like guns. The place where I stood 
picket was under a large chestnut tree. Upon it I marked the follow- 
ing : ''A. J. Boies, Co. E, 33d Regt., Mass. Vols. On picket, Oct. 25th, 
1862." 

Oct. 27. Monday morning, and we are having one of the severest 
storms of the season, raining down in torrents, and blowing almost a hur- 
ricane ; it has blown over tents, uprooted trees, and is playing the very 
mischief. We have a good fire and are quite comfortable. We have 
the promise of pay day, and I hope it may come soon. 

Oct. 28- 29-30. In camp. All is quiet and serene. The cannons 
are booming within a few miles of us. 

C^ct. 31. We have just received orders to march. The fight has 
commenced, and the word is, "Forward." We obey it cheerfully. 

Nov. I. It is nearly 9 a. m. We are all packed up, ready for a start, 
and we shall move to-morrow, sure. The artillery has gone on in ad- 
vance of us. 

Nov. 2. We left Fairfax court house precisely at 8 o'clock (Sunday), 
en route for Thoroughfare Gap. Here the rebels lay in large force. 



12 RECORD OF THE ;33i) MAS^. VOLUNTEER LVFAXTRV. 

Our whole division is on the move. The 33d is in company with tlie 
ist, nth, 13th and i6th Mass. Vols. We marched 12 miles, pitched 
tents, and lay down tor the night. 

Nov. 3. Struck tents at S a. m. for another day's march. About 1 1 
o'clock we passed over the lamentable battle-ground of Bull Run. I 
cannot attempt to picture everything that I saw. We tramped over hu- 
man skulls and skeletons that lay unburied for a mile or more. We still 
kept on, arriving at a place called Haymarket, Va. We halted in an 
open field, pitched tents, built a fire, cooked supper, and having 
marched 15 miles, we being tired, lay down for the night. The ground 
that we now occujiy was held by the Rebs, yesterday, but were routed 
liy our forces, which arrived in advance of us. 

Nov, 4. Alive and well ; waiting for Gens. Siegel and Sickels to 
come up, then we shall march onward again. 

Nov. 5. Tidings are coming in every hour, telling us where the ene- 
my is, and we are liable to move at any moment. Our whole brigade 
is together, viz. : 33d Mass, Vols., 134th and 136th New York, 73d 
Ohio, and 26th Wisconsin. Hooker's division is ahead of us. We are 
upon the battle-field. The regiment is sleeping upon its arms. I 
am on picket. Quite exciting times with us. 

Nov. 6. This morning finds me about 30 miles from Fairfax court 
house, quite tired, but my health was never better, and I was never in 
better spirits. We are close upon the enemy and it will be nothing 
strange if we have an engagement at any moment. We have skirmished 
a little, to-day, and it is all in our favor, 

Nov, 7, On picket, to-day. All quiet, 

Nov, 8, Relieved from picket, this afternoon, 

Nov. 9 . Getting ready for a move, 

Nov. 10. We made a march of nine miles, through a thick snow- 
storm, within three miles of Warrington. Here we rested for the day, it 
being Saturday. xA^n order has jiret come to headquarters, ordering us 
back to the place where we started from, and while striking our tents, a 
despatch came post-haste, ordering us to the Gap, forthwith, as we ex- 
pect to meet Gen. Lee with a strong force coming against us. We 
doubled up lively for three miles, pitched our tents and lay down for the 
night. The 33d has moved around pretty well for one week, nearly 100 
miles, quick march all of the time, and some on the double-quick. 

Nov. II. To-day is Sunday. It maybe the Sabbath at home. It 
is as beautiful as I would wish to see. We are encamped between two 



RECORD OF nil-: 33i) MASS. \()LUNi'EER INFANTRY. I r^ 

mountains, which overshadow our camp. At our left, on a sloping hill, 
is the camp of the 136th New York. On my right is the 134th New 
York. To tlie front of us is the 731! Ohio, and to our rear is a Dutch 
regiment, its numlxn- I tlo not know, hut it "fights mit Siegel." 1 am 
very pleasantly situated and my hcaltli is good. 

Nov. 12. We as a company have paid our last respects to one of our 
dear comrades. He complained of being unwell when we left Fairfa.x. 
Upon our arrival at the Gap he grew worse, and before noon he was no 
more. We buried him on the south side of the Oap, beneath a wide- 
spreading chestnut tree. His name was Oliver B. Osborne, from Town- 
send, Mass., about iS years of age. His death was sudden and unex- 
pected to us all, as we did not think him seriously ill up to within an 
hour of his death. 

Nov. 13. Another morning has dawned upon us, the sun is shining 
clear and beautiful. Our camp-fire is blazing in front of the tent Billy 
Jubb, at my right, is darning his socks, while Johnny Buckley is "trying" 
out fat to run some candles, while I am seated upon the ground trying 
to pen a few lines home. All is calm and serene. 

Nov. 14. On guard for 24 hours. 

Nov. 15. To-day finds me in good health, though somewhat tired 
and lame. 

Nov. 16. Last night at 12 o'clock an order came to be in readiness 
to march. About 200 rebel cavalry were at a place called White Plains. 
Our regiment was called upon to make a reconnoissance in that vicinity. 
At the bugle's sound we fell into the ranks. At 8 a. u., we were on the 
march, with high spirits, fully expecting to have a brush with the enemy. 
At 12 M. we had arrived on the spot and formed a line of battle. Com- 
panies F and E were detailed to go on and search a rich planter's prem- 
ises. We accordingly obeyed, and with loaded muskets we proceeded 
for about two miles, and formed in line near the house. Our brave and 

valiant Capt. W. H. H. Hinds, with Lieut. W and four men, went 

into the house to search and get what information they could concern- 
ing their principles. We found them to be the strongest kind of "Se- 
cesh" and quite wealthy. They owned a beantiful i)lantation of about 
1300 acres, a large flock of sheep and cpiite a number of cattle. On 
questioning them closely, we found four of our guns secreted in the 
house. We took them as our spoils. On further in(|uiry, we learned 
that two of their sons (then present) had been in the rebel army. One 
was wounded at Yorktovvn and had just received his discharge and came 
home ; the other, a lieutenant, was taken prisoner and paroled. We 



14 RECORD OK THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

were also informed that about two weeks previous, a portion of Lee's ar- 
my had encamped upon their plantation, and at this house they made 
their headquarters. The planter's name was Turner, and he has a broth- 
er in the city of Boston, quite wealthy, and is strong tor the Union. 
Having a chance to question two of the slaves, we improved the time. 
We were informed that we were somewhat neater in dress and looked 
more tidy than the "Rebs." They thought we were the best looking set 
of men they had seen for a long time. I thought we had quite a com- 
pliment paid us by the two "gemman of color." After this interview, 
we started back for the regiment, sat down, made us a cup of coffee 
and partook of a good dinner. About 4 p. m. we started back to camp, 
arriving there at dark ; got supper, and lay down for the night ; feel kind 
of stiff in the joints. They say we start, to-morrow, for Culpepper, but I 
do not know for certain, but we shall march soon. We have enough to 
do of marching, and I suppose we always shall, until we march for 
home. 

Nov. 17. It is raining hard, and has continued so all through the 
day. Expecting to march hourly. 

Nov. 18. The bugle sounds — to arms — seizing my gun, put on my 
equipments and rushed into the ranks, but it proved to be a false alarm ; 
so we stacked our guns and went back to our tents, with the order to 
sleep with our equipments on all night. 

Nov. 19. This morning I was detailed for guard. About 4 p. m., 
while walking my beat, the colonel came riding up, and, with a voice 
both loud and clear, ordered the guard to camp, and pack knapsacks, 
and follow on to meet the regiment. We obeyed, and by 6 o'clock we 
overtook the boys, going lightning speed through mud and rain. We 
arrived at Haymarket at midnight and camped (which place had been 
burned since our march through it) . It was quite a pretty village then, 
but as we passed through it, on our way back, nothing could be seen 
but standing chimneys, save one or two evacuated shanties. 

Nov. 20. This morning we were up at 5. We took up our line of 
march, passing through Gainesville, and, marching a few miles beyond, 
we halted for the night, it raining down hard as ever ; being pretty tired, 
I laid down to rest. 

Nov. 21. This morning we resumed our march, passing through 
Centreville and over the old battle-ground of Bull Run, saw many sights 
which death and destruction had made. Here were graves of human 
beings, about half covered, with the legs and arms sticking above ground 
and exposed to all passers-by. About 4 p. m. we arrived at German- 



RECORD OF THE 33i. MASS. N'OLl'VPEER IXFAXTRV. I :^ 

town, came to a halt, pitched tents, it still i)ouring down as hard as ever ; 
tired, wet and hungry. 

Nov. 2 2. To-day we are within three miles of Fairfa.x, the jjlace from 
where we started three weeks ago. During that time we have marched 
150 miles, with knapsacks on our backs, and yet, thank Hea\en, I am in 
the enjoyment of good health. 

Nov. 23. Seated on an old "hartl-tack" box, with the cover for a 
desk, I am writing home. Jubb, at my left, is writing one to Comrade 
Jackson at Port Royal. It is pouring down in torrents, but we can say 
with one of old, "Though it be inclement without, there is peace within." 

Nov. 24. There is a prospect of our staying here for a short time, 
and if we do I shall get my box, for I am greatly in want of my boots 
and tobacco, so good night. 

Nov. 25. Nothing of importance has transpired, to-day. 

Nov. 26. It is trying hard to snow and has every appearance of a se- 
vere storm. The time is not far distant for a blow to be struck, which 
must decide the question for one side or the other. Three divisions are 
looking at them square in the face. The ist is commanded by Gen. 
Burnside, the 2d by "Fighting Joe Hooker," the 3d by (len. Sumner. 
Burnside must strike first, then we shall follow up. We are ready for 
whatever may come, and if successful we shall go towards Richmond. 

Nov. 27. Thanksgiving day. My mind is carried back to one year 
ago, and what a change. One short year ago I took dinner with my 
friends at home. But to-day finds me on the sacred soil of Old Virgin- 
ia. And doubtless, many of Co. E will remember our Thanksgiving of 
Nov. 27th, 1S62, how Sergt. Smith of (yroton fame took the contract to 
serve us up a dinner of baked beans and a plum pudding. A small do- 
nation of money was made up by the company to purchase laisins. Ac- 
cordingly they went to work. A hole was dug in the ground, six feet by 
three, a fire started to heat it, and while preparations were going on, 
most of the company were detailed for picket. But we had the prom- 
ise that our portion should be brought to us. Many were the anxious 
hours that i)assed, longing for those beans and pudding. At last they 
came, and how we went for them, but had to swallow them whole, and 
had not our digestive organs been "bomb" jjroof, I think that few of Co. 
E would now be living to tell the tale. 

Nov. 28. On picket and before a good fire. .Another l;eautiful 
morning. I am homesick. It is the first time tliat I have felt so since I 
left old Massachusetts. All 1 have to do is 10 "grin and bear it." 

Nov. 29. Still on picket, two miles from camj), at 10 o'clock at 



l6 RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXEAXTR\'. 

night. I am seated on an old pine log before a good l)lnzing fire. I am 
writing a letter home. 

Nov. 30. Sabbath morning. On picket ; expect to be relieved soon. 
Expect to move camp in a few days. 

Dec. I. Relieved from picket, this morning. Getting ready for a 
move. Received two letters from home. All is quiet. 

Dec. 2. Went on review. Gone all day. 

Dec. 3. Moved camp, to-day, to a place called Germantown, a small 
village, about 49 miles from W. C., Fautiuier Co., Va. 

Dec. 4. Off pickett and off duty, with the exception of drill and 
dress parade. All quiet and calm. 

Dec. 5. It is snowing and raining hard. I am seated in my tent be- 
fore a good fire, doing some writing for the captain. 

Dec. 6. Writing, to-day, for the captain. Yesterday we paid the 
last respects to one of our comrades — Charles E. Marshall of Townsend. 
He was in his 22d year. He enlisted in the 33d, July 22d, 1S62, and 
was a member of Co. E. His career as a soldier was a short one. He 
was generous-hearted, always ready and willing for duty, and his many 
excellent traits of character endeared him to all his comrades. We 
buried him under military honors at Germantown, Va., Dec. 4, 1S62. 
Peace to his ashes. 

Dec. 7. Shouldered my axe and went into the woods ; cut timber all 
day. We, as a regiment, I think, do a good share of fatigue duty, as 
well as marching and drilling. We expect to go into winter quarters. 

Dec. 8. It is as lovely a morning as you would wish to see for De- 
cember. The prospect is now that we shall soon break camp. 

Dec. 9. I am in good health and the best of spirits ; that means (in 
English) that I am rugged, tough, hearty and saucy. 

Dec. 10. We have got word that we shall make a move towards 
Fredericksburg, or in that direction. 

Dec. II. Detailed for guard, to-day. 

Dec. 12. The bugle sounded at 5 o'clock. We were upon our taps, 
partook of a good breakfast, drew three days' rations, packed knapsacks, 
struck tents and got all ready for a start. The boys seemed puzzled to 
know which place we were going to. At 8 o'clock our colonel was upon 
his horse, and the command was given, "Attention, battalion ; right face, 
forward, march." The band struck up the soul-reviving strain, "I wish 
I was in the land of cotton." We proceeded five miles, halted, took 
our dinner, rested one hour. 'JViok up the line of march, went Cive 



Ri".(«iki) oi- riii; •j:;i, mass \ (ii.r\i'i:i:i; imamkn. i " 

miles (j)]ea.se, comrades, to renicmlier that the colonel did measure his 
miles upon horseback), when sunset o\ertook us and we halted for the 
night, built our camp-fires, and lay down to rest. Some little snow npon 
the ground. 

Dec. 13. This morning finds us up and all reaciy for a start, it being 
our turn to lead off. We went through the same routine r.s we did yes- 
terday. 

Df.c. 14. To-da}^ we march as the rear regiment, and we have 
marched through mud ankle-dee|). Oh, what marching! Our knap- 
sacks felt heavy, but we toiled on until a late hour of the night, arriving 
at the town of Dumfries. (Let me say here that the towns in \'irginia 
are comprised of a barn, one out-house and a hav-stack.) The band 
struck up "Yankee Doodle." We were some tired, our feet cold and 
wet. We halted, built uji a fire, jjartook of supper, and it fell to my lot 
to go on guard at the colonel's tpiarlers for the night, ("ame off guard 
at 7 A. M. This is a small village and the seat of justice in Prince Will- 
iam county. \'a., on Quantico creek, 32 miles south southwest from 
Washington, and 2^ miles from Fredericksburg. 

Df.c 15. .Still awaiting orders, expecting to march in aliout two 
hours. 

Dec. 16. .Still resting, and within a short distance of the "johnny 
Rebs." 

Dec. 17. finds us within one-half mile of Fredericksburg. r)etailed 
for picket. 

Dec. 18. On picket. Ha\e talked with ''johimv." Find (piite so- 
cial)le boys among them, and some of our boys ha\e already exchanged 
coffee with them for tobacco. A kindly feeling exists on both sides, but 
indications are that something of a diflerent nature will be exchangee} 
soon. 

Dec. 19. It is roll-call, and I am just thinking of retiring, (This is 
a home phrase). When night overtakes us we are glad and thankful to 
lie down anywhere. During the past eight days and nights we have 
camped upon the cold snow and wet ground, the rubber blanket under 
us and the army blanket over us, and the knapsack for a ])illo\v. Rut 
the best of all, I am in good health. 

Dec. 20. .\ letter from home, just received, informs me that one of 
the 33d boys was to be shot for sleeping on his post. The report 
proved to be false, and well it might, for in answer to said letter I in- 
formed the |)arties that we do nol have anv such bovs in the t,t,(\. but 
3 



1 8 RECORD OF THP: S3i) MASS. VOLUXTEER IXFAN'TRY. 

those who are aljle to do their duty like soldiers. We are too near the 
*'Rebp" to go to slecy). 

Dec. 2 1. To-day finds iss within a short distance of their batteries. 
Our pickets extend within ro or 12 rods of theirs. 'I'hcv seem to be 
quite friendly towards us All is quiet. 

Dec. 22. We are now encamiped in or near the place from where 
Burnside made the unsuccessful attack, and was repulsed with heavy 
Joss. We are an.\iously waiting to see what will be done. We shall 
probably take part in the grand overture (which is to be performed by 
the whole company). 

Dec. 23. I feel first-rate; am in good spirits; a "leetle" slight cold, 
which every one is subject to at this time of the year. Owens is by my 
side, reading the Boston Journal. He is liie same old "Jim." 

Dec. 24. Paid a visit to the 16th Mass., which lay about four miles 
down the river, shook hands with some of my towns-ljoys - Cjeorge Falls, 
joe Irish, Metcalf, Richards, Warren Spaulding and the two Bond boys. 
Found theni all v.'cll. 1 have got to go to work on the pay-rolls of 
Co. K. 

Dec. 25. Christmas day. I am sitting upon the ground before a 
good blazing fire. It is a lovely day, mild and pleasant. Many of my 
comrades are sitting all around in groups, and I hear them talk about 
home, and saying, "Oh, if I was only where I was one year ago to- 
night," and many other wishes, which makes n\e lonesome, too. We 
have laid here quite a while, and what is going to be done, I cannot tell. 
'Dec. 26. Working on pay-roll, to-day. 

Dec. 27. Finished up my writing. Picked up a paper and from it I 
copy the following extract from a "Secesh :" "Now nothing but annihi- 
lation will bring these (Southern) States into the old Union. As long as 
the North propose invasion, so long will we fight, and when our ammu- 
nition is exhausted, we will fight with stones, pitchforks and scythes. 
We, as a people, with such a spirit as ours, can never be subdued." 
Now I think that if we had commenced our work in this way, we would 
have had this war crushed long ago. But we will abide by whatever 
there is in store for us. 

Dec. zS. My courage is good, to-day, and I mean it shall be while I 
am in the army. We are within half a mile of their guns. I have been 
detailed for fatigue. 

Dec. 29. Still awaiting orders. 

Dec. 30-31. Writing for the captain. 



RECORD OF THE a^n MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. I9 

Jan. I, 1S63. This morning is the first of another New Year. It is 
pleasant and lovely, and quite like a spring day. I made some resolves 
for the year, but I fear I shall break as many. 

J.A.X. 2-3-4-5-6. Have passed off quietly, cleaning up camp and do- 
ing fatigue duty most of the time. 

Jan. 7. On picket, three miles from camp, 12 o'clock at night, and 
within 20 rods of the enemy. 

Jan. 8-9. Writing for the captain. 

J.A.N. 10. Our whole regiment was aroused, this morning, with the cry 
of "Boxes, boxes." No sooner had the word saluted my ears, than I 
took to my heels as fast as I could go for abovit 20 yards, fetched up 
against an enormous great pile of about 250. All drill was laid aside, as 
we could not attend to anything else. .As soon as my name was called 
I seized my box and started for the tent. Upon opening it. to my hap- 
py disappointment, everything was as nice as though it had been packed 
the day before. My apples, cakes, doughnuts, plvuii-cake and cheese 
were in excellent condition, my boots were nice ones and fitted to a T, 
my gloves were just the fit, and the comforter answered for a night-cap, 
to keep ray head warm. A thousand thanks to the giver. 

Jan. II. Detailed for guard at Gen. Smith's headquarters. 

Jan. 12. Came off guard, to-day. Ail is tranquil and serene. 

Jan, 13. It is evening — 9 o'clock. The roll has just been called. I 
have just partaken of a lunch — some cheese and doughnuts. 

Jan. 14. I copy an extract from the Boston Journal. It is as fol- 
lows : ".Another Union victory. Mumfreesboro is taken. Vicksburg 
has fallen." But I would say not so fast, Mr. Journal. We have not 
got them yet. After five days' hard fighting, our forces had to retreat, 
leaving behind all their pick-axes, spades and shovels, besides many 
brave and noble comrades have fallen victims in the bloody scene. 
Galveston in Texas we have lost, also the steamer Harriet Lane, and an- 
other man-of-war. which our folks had to burn rather than have it fall 
into the hands of the "Rebs." Yet the papers cry out. "Hail Victory." 
We soldiers are fond of "green cheese," but we do not want the first 
slice. Excused from all duty, to-day, such as drill, guard, etc. ; writing 
for the company. 

Jan. 15. On picket on the banks of the Rapahannock river, three 
miles from camp, nearly opposite the enemy's works. I am one of six 
who patrol every two hours, up and down the river, keeping a good 
lookout in case the enemy should undertake to cross the river. I have 
been pretty busy through the night. It threatens hard with a storm. 



20 RECORD <_)¥ 'llll-: 3;}i) MASS. V( tlA'XTHKR IXl'ANTRY. 

Jan. 1 6. I have just returned, havini,' i)atrollecl the river for one mile 
and a half. ( )h, how dark ! Raining hard, wet through to the skin. It 
is lO p. M. 

Jan. 17. I drietl my clothes, to-day, and cleaned my gun. for 1 must 
perform the same duty, to-night. It is clearing off lovely. 

Jan. 18. I patrolled up the ri\er twice, last night, the first lime at 8 
p. M., and again at 2 a. m. All (luiet. We shall return to camp, this af- 
ternoon. There seems to be a mo\ement going on unknown to us. 
But I think we shall march soon. 

Jan. 19. We are having beautiful weather, to-day. It is just like a 
sjjring day ; will not last long, for it is about time for our rainy season to 
set in. 

Jan. 20. We have drawn our three days' rations and are all ready 
for a move, but do not know in what direction we shall go ; all is kept 
dark from us. 

Jan. 21. We struck tents, yesterday afternoon, marched five miles, 
halted for the night, and slept upon our arms, expecting that at 6 a. m. 
the ball would begin to roll, for we shall attack the enemy's works, which 
are just across the river. We are in the centre. Sir John Porter is on 
the right, Siegel on the left. But it commenced raining about midnight 
and has rained in torrents till now — 8 a. m. — and still comes harder and 
harder. We are waiting for it to clear, and when it does, in all probabil- 
ity, we shall go into one of the hottest contested battles that has ever 
been fought on the soil of Virginia, unless the All-wise Providence di- 
rects it different. 

Jan. 22. We are still in readiness, and patiently waiting for the word. 
Quite stormy as yet ; no signs of clearing weather. 

Jan. 23. It has commenced to clear, and we are ordered to be in 
readiness at i 2 m. 

Jan. 24. The regiment was drawn up into line, to-day. Our colonel 
came to the front, and, taking a paper from his pocket, read the follow- 
ing : "Officers and privates of the 33d regiment, Mass. Vols., the time 
has now arrived when you must make an attack upon the enemy, which 
will commence to-morrow morning at 6 o'clock. I want you to under- 
stand that Massachusetts has never lost a color in this war, and we must 
not. And if you are called upon, you must do your duty, like soldiers, 
for our country, homes and liberty." This was signed "E. A. Burnside." 
For this we gave three cheers for our colonel, three for our lieutenant- 
colonel, three for our colors, three for Massachnsetts. The band favored 
us with "Yankee Doodle." 



RlX-oRl) <»F Till-; oui) MASS. V( )LUNTI:F.R IXI'AXTRV. 2 1 

Jan. 25. The l.our has arrived for the blow to be struck, but a heavy 
rain set in, which lasted three days, the mud so deep that our artillery 
and pontoon trains could not get up in time, and we were obliged to re- 
turn back to our old camp again. 

[ax. 26. Finds us back to our old ([uarters again, after a three days' 
soaking. We ha\e spent the tlay in cleaning up our guns and be in 
readiness for another move. 

Jan. 27. On picket all day. 

Jan. 28. C.'ame off jacket, and enjoyed a four hours' snooze. Went 
out on dress ])arade. 

|.AN. 29. Lounging about cam[i, and shall only remain for a short 
time, until the roads get in condition, then we shall, in all probability, 
give them another try. (It was on this occasion, as the regiment was 
Hearing the camp, that our valiant Captain Hinds cautions his company 
to give their undivided attention to the step, and as the ground was 
somewhat uneven, he commenced to call off, "Left, right," and just as 
he got to the third call, his toe suddenly came in contact with a slight 
rise in the ground, and his heels came very near going over his head). 

Jan. 30-31. I am enjoying camp lite. Fatigue duty and guard seem 
to be the order of the day. Major-General Siegel has got another com- 
mand. Gen. Stahl is our commander. Burnside has resigned, and 
"Fighting Joe" takes his place. Our government acts (jueerly, I think. 

Fei;. I, to 15th. Nearly all this time has been well improved, in 
marching, fatigue, guard and picket duty. And to-day we are in camp 
near Stafford court house. I am somewhat tired, having just completed 
my log house. Our lieutenant, (i. M. Walker, left for home, on a fur- 
lough for 10 days. We are having beautiful weather, but a good share 
of Virginia mud. Billy Jubb, having been on the sick list, is well again 
and at work on his tent. Our march from the camp near Fredericks- 
burg was hard and fatiguing, but we stood it like heroes and felt fresh at 
the end of it. 

Feb. 16. Our captain left, to-day, for home, on a furlough of 10 
days, and I do not think that we shall mourn his absence much. 

Feb. I 7. It is snowing hard and bids fair to be a severe storm before 
it is over. I am comfortably seated in my log cabin, before a good 
blazing fire, and am both dry and warm. Owens, Roth and Parker 
share with me, and they are all good tent-mates. 

Feb. iS. Our snow storm of yesterday is a rain storm for to-day. 
Well, I have had the honor of seeing Gen. Joseph Hooker, as he rode 



2 2 RECORD OF TIIF 33ii MASS. VOLUXTEFCR IXFANTRV. 

by us and saluted our colors. He is a good-looking man and makes a 
fine appearance, but carries a red face, waich betokens something that I 
have seen at the North, which causes a great many red faces and noses 
— well, you know just how it is yourself. 

Feb. ig. Went on picket, a distance of four miles from camp, at a 
place called Ball's Farm, very near Catlet's Station, where a heavy battle 
was fought about lo months ago, and resulted in our favor. I had oc- 
casion to call upon what I supposed was the proprietor of this farm, and 
entered into conversation with him. I said, Good morning, friend. He 
replies with "A fine morning ; a mighty fine one, I reckon ; indeed it is, 
I reckon." I tried to ask him a number of questions, but he did not 
seem inclined to talk much, and I had to laugh at his "I reckon," 
''mighty fine," "indeed it is," etc. 

Feb. 20. Have just returned from ofl' picket — it is about 4 p. m. — 
rather tired, and shall retire early. Permit me to say, while it is in my 
mind, that I have not seen an hour's sickness since I enlisted to the 
present time, have not lost a moment's duty thus far. I have got a 
great appetite, can eat three days' rations in one. I weigh 165 pounds, 
have got a large lot of hair on my upper lip, and a good pair of whis- 
kers. "How is that for high?" 

Fkh. 21, through 24th. Have been to work on pay-rolls for the com- 
pany, so I am excused from all duty. 

Fi':b. 25. We have had one of the toughest snow storms of the sea- 
son. Snow has fallen to the dej^th of two feet. 

Feb. 26. Went on picket. The thermometer stood — well, say 40 
below zero. We could only stand iS minutes at a time on our posts. 
I verily believe that I was one of the unfortunate kind, for I had a hole 
in the after part of my pants, and it let the cold in at the rate of "two- 
forty." But I stood it like a hero, and came off all right. • • 

Feb. 27. Came off picket, this morning, at 8 o'clock : slept all day, 
and I am as bright as an eight-day clock. Drew a new pair of pants, 
and am ready for the "fray." 

Feb. 28. We shall be mustered in, to-day, for our pay ; shall be paid 
by the loth of March two months' pay. We have had some snow and 
considerable rain, but w^e have comfortable quarters. The hardest of 
our work is over for a while, and we are having a pretty easy time, only 
camp-guard once in 10 days, and picket once in 16 days. 

March i. There is quite a number of the boys going home on a fur- 
lough for 10 days, but I want a furlough, when I get it, that has no date 
and that will last forever. 



KfXORD OK rHK »?,]> MASn. VoIJX IKI-.R IXFANTRV. _>_^ 

March 2. This morning is a lovely oni-, and finds me enjoying the 
best of healtii. 

March 3-4-5. ^^'e went on picket for seventy-two I'.oius, {or three 
days). It has rained for most of tlie time, and while on my post this 
morning, it lightened quite shar[), (I don't remember of seeing it before 
in March), and at flay-break the birds were warbling forth their notes of 
praise, and the frogs are peeping as merrily as though it was in June. 
It bids fair for an early spring. 

March 6. Returned to camp this p. m., from picket. We expected 
an attack from the enemy last night. They did advance upon our cav- 
alry picket, but I have not heard the result. 

March 7. Lounging around cam]). 

March <S. Waiting for the Captain. 

March 9. It is all a hoax about \'icksbnrg being taken ; a battle is 
impending. 

March 10. Only one alarm given to-day, ^nd that was by our Order- 
])■ Sergeant, and it was given at sun rise : "Fall in, Co. K., for Roll-call." 

March ii. Seated in my tent, all alone. I am like the boy, I ha\e 
nothing to say. but I keep up " a thinking ;" so I shall not be hung for 
my thoughts. Major (ien. Siegel has resigned. 

March 12. No pay-da\', as yet. All out of tol)acro and postage 
stamps, but I kee]) \\\> good courage, tor they promise us the stamjis on 
the 20th. 

March 13-14. \\'riting for the Cajjtain. Rumors come in from Vicks- 
burg and Charleston, but nothing reliable 

March 15. Went on picket for three days. 

March 16. C)n picket, and it is snowing hard. .An attack was made 
on our pickets at Banks' Ford by Stewart's ca\alry. They crossed the 
Rappahannock river, and showed our boys fight, and of course they could 
do no less than return the compliment. The ist Massachusetts cavalrv 
with some of the Vermont cavalry, pitched into them, and killed some, 
took some prisoners, while the rest "skedaddled." 

March i 7. While walking my beat, this a. m.. Post 4, two guns were 
fired, which aroused our reser\ e, and we expected some fun, but to our 
happy disappointment it proved to be some wild hogs, instead of rebels. 

March 18. Came off picket, to-day. It is still raining and "mug- 
gy," but I think we shall have some "kind" of weather soon. 

March ig. Received a letter from home, advising me to be careful 



24 RECORD or rilE ;i3]i MASS. VOI.CNTKKR IXKAN'TRV. 

and not get over-heated. Well, I must say that I have not seen one 
night since my stay in Virginia that I could call myself comfortable, with 
a heavy woolen blanket and one of rubber, and I need them both. 

March 20. After a good night's rest, I find myself in good health. 
I realize that I am surrounded by dangers, but it does not make me feel 
timid or afraid. I take my gun and talk to it, as a father talks to his 
child, and say to it, "Do your duty, 'slayer of thousands,' " and I expect 
it will, for I shall '"pop" them if they don't "pop" me, bet your life on 
that. 

March 21-22-23. Have been enjoying camp life the past three days 
Siegel has not resigned, as reported, and we are rejoiced to have him 
with us. We are still in the reserve and like it much. 

March 24-25-26-27. Lounging in camp. 

March 28. I had just seated myself, this morning, to write a letter 
home, when the sergeant came into my tent and told me to take my 
gun, knapsack and all ol' my equipments, and report to the adjutant's 
quarters. I obeyed the order. The adjutant sent me to Gen. Stan- 
wier's headquarters, and from there I reported to the ammunition train, 
to Sergeant Hobart of the 136th New York, who is overseer. After in- 
troducing myself, I was consigned to a four-mule team, and devoted the 
rest of the day to practicing in loading and driving, and by sunset I 
could say "whoa, gee up," as well as the best of them. 

March 29. I find myself, this morning, detached from my company 
and regiment for a season, to be a mule-driver. Well, I always thought 
I should be promoted, and it has come at last, and if I keep on I think 
I shall still go up "higher." 

March 30. We are loading up our wagons, to-day, preparatory for a 
move. The weather is fine and beautil'ul. 

March 31. No more jjicket duty, no more guard dutv, and no more 
writing to do for the brave William of Groton fame. 

April i. We are having a hard snow-storm ; it is nearly a foot deep, 
but it is not cold. I am sitting by a good warm fire, both cozy and 
comfortable. 

April 2. The lieutenant of the train paid us a visit, this morning. 
He inspected my team. The sergeant told me, after he had gone, that 
he paid me quite a compliment. He asked the "Sarg" who I was. On 
being told that I was from Massachusetts, he replied that I was just the 
chap for the business, and hoped that T would like, for he would not part 
with me any how. 



RECORD (U 'mK n.'li. MASS. VOLUNTEER L\I••A^^K^■. 2^ 

April 3-4-5. I am getting along nicely with my new business. 1 
hear that Siegel has left us at last, and that we are under Major-General 
Howard. He has but one arm (having lost one in front of Richmond, 
under "Little Mac"), but is a good fighter. I went to my regiment, to- 
day, for my letters ; found the boys all well. 

April 6-7-S. In camp at Stafford court house, Stafford Co., Va., 47 
miles from Washington and 76 from Richmond. Surface very liillv, soil 
sandy. We expect to move shortly. 

.•\PRIL 9-10-1 I. I have done nothing these k\v days only to look af- 
ter my team. I am my own master now (and it is wortli 25 cents to be 
"boss," you know). Brave William and myself are two ; he has nothing 
to do with me now and I hope he never will again. 

April 12. Our colonel (Maggi) has left us and is at home. Doubt- 
less the boys will miss him mucii, for we all loved him. Owing to his 
ill-health, he was unable to take the command of the regiment. But 
wherever he goes, one tiling we do know, he will always remember his 
"chickens." 

April 13. Another beautiful day has dawned upon me. and I am in 
good health and spirits. 

April 14. In all probability we shall make a move, and when we do 
I think we shall go towards Richmond. We have just received march- 
ing orders and part of our train goes with the ist brigade. 

April 15-16-17. I have been on a trip of three days, as far as Kelly's 
Ford, distance 60 miles ; rode upon horseback. It is where our folks 
contemplate making an attack, if the weather proves favorable. 

April 18. Have just returned from my three days' tour, and expect 
to have to start off again shortly ; the w-hole army will move in a day or 
two. 

April 19. There are 36 men, two sergeants and one lieutenant in 
our train — Lieut. McCall from the 73d Ohio regiment, Sergt. Houghton 
from the 33d Mass. regiment and Sergt. Hobart from the 136th New 
York regiment, all perfect gentlemen. We expect busy times for a while. 

April 20. I have just been over to the regiment ; the boys are all 
well, and seem to be in good spirits. In the move which we are about 
to make, if our officers do their duty, the boys will do theirs. The pa- 
pers speak loudly of our movements, but there is not a particle of reli- 
ance to be placed in what they say. 

April 21. This morning finds me in the enjoyment of good health. 
4 



26 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFAMTRY. 

Made a call over to the regiment, this forenoon. Little Jubb has been 
promoted to corporal. 

April 22. To-day with me is like all other days. I am patiently 
waiting, hoping and trusting that better days are coming, and that the 
time is not far distant when peace will reign triumphant over this coun- 
try, and the head of the serpent that is now putting forth his rebellious 
sting will be crushed with the heel of "somebody's boot," and that the 
Abolitionists will have been made happy in having their darkies free. 

April 23. News comes to us, this morning, that Gen. Stoneman has 
taken possession of Gordonsville. If this be true (for I greatly doubt it), 
it is good news, for it is this side of Richmond, and will cut off all com- 
munication from the Rebs. I can only hope it is oo. 

April 24. It has been raining all day and is still coming down. 
Sergt. Hobart is by my side, and says that I am a P. B. ; (that means 
"perfect brick"). 

April 25. Received a paper from home, to-day. It speaks of our 
gunboats going into Charleston harbor, but I guess they came out full as 
quick as they went in. We seem to get defeated quite often, yet I be- 
lieve we shall give them a sound "drubbing" yet. 

April 26. The papers say that we are on the move, but we have not 
crossed the Rappahannock, nor will not for some time. The mud is so 
deep that it is impossible, and we shall not make a move before the mid- 
dle of May, if we do then. 

April 27. Owens called upon me, to-day, and handed me a package 
which was brought from home by the politeness of Comrade Sullivan of 
Co. II. The contents were two bunches of envelopes, one quire of 
writing paper and a miniature. I could only say, God bless the giver. 
They tell us that we shall have pay-day soon. 

April 28. We have been quite busy, to-day, getting ready for a start. 

April 29. Orders have come in to be in readiness any moment for a 
move. 

April 30. We shall move in the morning towards the enemy, but in 
what direction I cannot say. 

May t. Broke camp, this morning, at 8 o'clock. The boys seemed 
to be in excellent spirits and confident of success. 

May 2-3. We have done some tall marching. We are now headed 
for Chancellorsville. 

M.\v 4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14. I can only give a synopsis from 
the 4th to the 15th. The fighting commenced on Wednesday afternoon, 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 27 

one mile from Fredericksburg Heights, and was kept up until Monday 
noon of the following week. Sunday morning wx" had the hardest time 
of any, for we took j^ossession of the ground which we had been driven 
from the (Saturday) night before, a distance of six miles, from Kelly's 
Ford to Banks' Ford. It was here that Longstreet came in with forty 
thousand, to hel]) Jackson. They arrived Saturday night, and on Sun- 
day morning they commenced on our centre, expecting to break 
through. But as it happened, luckily for us, we were already up and 
dressed, and were a match for them. The battle raged hot for four 
hours, and when hostilities ceased we held the field, which was covered 
with their dead and wounded. The 33d was ail through it, and came 
off lucky, losing nine killed and wounded, though at one time (Saturday 
night) the whole regiment came very near being prisoners. They man- 
aged to crawl out through a looji-hole, leaving their knapsacks and blan- 
kets for ''Johnny's" benefit. Lucky boys to come off so well. Our loss 
is stated to be 6000 killed, wounded and missing, while that of the ene- 
my is 18,000. We commenced falling back in the afternoon, and 
through the night. Our train (ammunition) crossed on the morning of 
the ne.xt day, headed for our old camp near Stafford court house, arriv- 
ing on the 14th, after a siege of 12 days and nights of hard marching 
and fatigue. Went to see the boys ; found them well and cheerful. 
We expect to march again soon. It is wa.'^ times with us now, and we 
have to be up and doing. 

M.\Y 15. Spent a portion of the day with the boys of Co. E, talking 
over the adventures of the battle-field, of what we did and what we saw, 
and conclude that we got off \-ery fortunate, all things considered. 

M.w 16. I am 27 years old, to-day, and am ple;isantly situated on 
"Uncle Sam's farm." I am thinking of the loved ones at home and of 
the many happy times I ha\"e enjoyed in by gone days, and I hope be- 
fore long, if it be the will of a kind Providence, that I may enjoy some 
more of those happy seasons. 

May 17. I am in the enjoyment of good health and good courage. 
Our weather is lovely and it is hotter than love in "haying time." The 
sun is pouring down like coals of fire I am seated in my tent, bare- 
footed, and minus of all except drawers and shirt. 

May 18. It may be a curiosity to many how the soldier lives while in 
the service of his country, and I will attempt to give a description of the 
house that "Jack built." Well, I have two logs, five feet long, for the 
sides, then I have sixteen poles of the sdme length, about two inches 
through. I lay them upon the ground and this an.swers for the floor. 



zS i;ecori) of the 3o\> mass, volunteer ixeantrv. 

My carpet is some five or six old grain sacks, whicli includes my bed al- 
so. I have three rafters and a ridge-pole, upon which rest my flys, or 
tent covers. Now, perhaps you would like to know how my house is 
furnished. My knapsack serves me for a i)illow by night and a clothes- 
press by day. I have an ammunition box for a cupboard. In this I 
keep my pork, coffee, sugar and "hard-tack." My set of dishes consists 
of a frying-pan. tin dipper, knife, fork and sijoon. My canteen serves 
me tor a water pail. Thus you have a description verbatim-et'likr- 
aiiDi. 

May 19. No news of importance, to-day. "Fighting Joe" is pretty 
cute. It is hard to find out any of his plans and it is bard to tell what 
the next move will be, until we have done it. But one thing is sure, he 
out-generalled Robert E. Lee, and took the wind from "Stonewall" 
Jackson. We showed them what we could do, and that their lead was 
no better than ours. All praise to "Fighting Joe." He is the general 
for the "Army of the Potomac." I was under their fire and came off 
safe. 

May 20. I have just got through with my dinner, viz. : a piece of 
boiled pork, cup of coftee and a piece of soft bread. Jubb and Buckley 
are out on picket. Capt. Hinds talks of resigning ; it will be a small 
loss. Our lieutenant-colonel is now Col. Underwood, and the boys are 
much pleased with him. I do not know how long we shall stay in camp. 
It may be for some time. 

May 21. I am blessed with good health, excellent spirits and the 
best of courage. I am neither killed, wounded or missing, but am right 
side up with care. I have stood by the flag for nearly 10 months, and 
am willing to ten more, if it need be. 

May 22. To-day is "awful" hot. I am bare-footed and am sitting 
under an old Virginia pine, writing a letter home. 

May 23. A letter that I have just received informs me that a draft 
has taken place for more men, and among the number was the name of 
Andrew J. Boies, and when the parties called at the house to give me 
notice of the fact, to their surprise they were informed of- my where- 
abouts and were very glad to know that I had been, lo, these ten months, 
a soldier. 

M.\y 24-25-26. These three days have passed oft" pleasantly, nothing 
to do but look after my team. This requires about four hours a day. 
The rest of my time has been spent in loitering around camp. 

M.A.Y 27. The news of to-day is that Vicksburg is taken, and the cap- 
ture of Jackson, Mississippi. But I will wait and see before I hurrah. 



KECOKI) OF rilK Sou MASS. NOI-UXTEER INIAVI'KV. 29 

May 28-29-30-31. Wc have not done much for some time past. 
Lee is across the river and threatens us pretty hard. We are well forti- 
fied for seven miles. If he attempts it he may become an "angel" and 
with the angels stand, but I do not think that he will he so unwise as to 
trap himself. They say now that Vicksburg is about to fall. During my 
short stay in the army I have made the accjuaintance of several Mr. 
"Say So's." They are not very reliable. 

JLNE 1. I have been over to the regiment, to-day; found the boys 
all well. Have written a letter home. 

Junk 2-3-4. All (]uiet along the Rappahannock the past three days. 

fuNE 5. And so it was until 6 o'clock, to-night, and we have received 
marching orders. We hear the cannon booming. Our forces are trying 
to cross at Fredericksburg, and we shall in all probability be called upon 
to march sooner or later, so we stand in readiness (our mules are in the 
harness) at a moment's notice. 

June 6, through 12th. Well, all of these days have come and gone, 
and I am seated in my tent and the sun is pouring down upon me love- 
ly. I little thought I should be here in camp, to-day. We had received 
marching orders and stood in readiness to go at any moment, but the 
next day we got orders to go to Acjuia Creek for ordinance stores, and 
on my return I was surprised to find the 33d had gone. They have had 
a pretty hard skirmish and the best of praise was given them for their 
bravery antl courage. They have been gone seven days. Our pay-mas- 
ter is here, and we shall be paid as soon as an opportunity oflers itself. 
Hooker is eyeing Lee, as a hawk does a hen. 

June 13-14-15. Everything is all on the "stir," getting ready for a 
start. 

Tune 16. We broke camp, this afternoon (Friday) at 3 o'clock, 
drove a distance of 10 miles, halted for the night at a place called Hey- 
wood Church. 

June 17. On our tajjs at 6 .\. m., drove all day, a distance of 22 
miles, and camjjcd for the night at Callett's Station. 

June 18. We were on our way bright aud early, this morning, and 
marched to Bristow. From here we went to Bristow Station. We 
marched all night, through .Nhnmassas, to Mannassas Junction, and 
crossed Bull Run Creek at 4 o'clock in the morning, arriving at t'entre- 
ville at half-past 6 a. m., making the distance, from Friday up to Mon- 
day, of 86 miles. 

June 19. Am within five miles of Fairfax court house and four miles 
from Germantown. We expect to move again at any moment, but in 



30 RFX'ORD Of^ THP: 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXI'AXTRY. 

what direction I cannot tell. I went over to the regiment, saw the boys 
— Jubb, Buckley and Owens. Ihey are all well. The 33d has had a 
pretty tough time of it, but stand it bravely. 

June 20. Feeling pretty tired, but my health was never better. We 
expect to move, to-night, from the place v/here we have halted for a 
rest. It is Goose Creek, Va. 

June 21. Started, this morning, at 3 o'clock and proceeded towards 
Leesburg. We passed over quite a number of plantations that are now 
evacuated by their owners, and are in a state of barrenness, yielding 
nothing that was any benefit to its owner. Here we found some nice 
grass, which we confiscated for our "mules." We went on, and arrived 
at Gum Springs at 1 1 o'clock in the forenoon. 

June 22. Here we watered and fed our teams, took a "cold bite" 
(raw pork and tack) and proceeded for about four miles, arriving at a 
place that I shall call "Zion's Hill." It yields a great quantity of ''Se- 
ceshism," and I have had the opportunity of seeing it displayed among 
the women, as they would stand by the roadside, imd as we passed by 
they would taunt us with the pleasant sound of "Oh, the Yankee cow- 
ards are coming," but we took it from whence it came. Here we halt- 
ed, cooked our coff'ee, partook of some fresh beef, etc., and went on, ar- 
riving at Leesburg late in the afternoon, and halted for the night. 

June 23. Here we are, this morning, awaiting orders, and shall see a 
change in the programme before long. Lee is ahead of us with forty 
thous->nd strong. Our boys captured (yesterday afternoon) a rebel 
train of cars with its mail. I have been the distance of one mile or 
more to the regiment ; seen the boys : they are all well and hearty. 

June 24. I have laid in my wagon all day, and slept about all the 
time. 

June 25. A portion of our train (myself included) left, this morning, 
for Fairfax Station for supplies, about i o'clock. I passed through 
Shantilly, Germantown and Fairfax court house. These places looked 
quite natural to me, as they were my old camping places, last fall, before 
I left to go to Falmouth. During my absence, another hard battle has 
been fought. It commenced yesterday (Sunday) morning about sun- 
rise and lasted until 5 p. m., and resulted in our favor. We drove the 
enemy 10 miles. I have not heard what the loss is on either side, as I 
have just returned from the Station. The 33d was not in this fight, but 
expected to have been called upon every moment. 

June 26. It is all quiet here, to-day, but will not be so long. A re- 
port had been received at home that I had been struck by a ball on the 



RECORD OF THE 3?,\> MASS. \'OI,UXTEER IXFA\TR\'. 



31 



battle-field. l)iit it did not injure nie. I will only say that it is not so, for 
the balls out here are apt to jar a fellow in case they should hit him. I 
will admit that the shells have come pretty near, but I have esca]'>ed thus 
for, and hope I always may, kind Providence permitting. 

June 27. The eneniy is now on our soil. The f^xte of Maryland and 
Washington is about to be decided. Homes and firesides are involved. 
Millions of hearts will be filled with ])ride and joy at our success. (3ur 
boys have fought well heretofore and we believe that they will now fight 
better than ever. Our failure to do so will give us a poor welcome. 
Now, as I have had but little sleep for the few days and nights past, I 
shall lie down and take a snooze. 

June 2S. Started, this morning, from Leesburg, drove as far as Ed- 
ward's Ferry, crossed over on pontoons antl found ourselves upon "Loy- 
al soil." Good old Maryland ! How different everything seemed. 
The beautiful fields of wheat, rye, barley and oats, the green fields of 
grass, the splendid mansions of the wealthy, made me homesick v.'hen I 
compared it with that of Virginia, on which soil we have tramped for 
more than 10 months. Not a spear of grass could be seen, not a fence 
or a rail could lie found. All was a scene of devastation, destruction 
and havoc, for such are the horrors of war. After lunching, we proceed- 
ed on for a distance of 23 miles, and the day closed, finding us making 
our beds at a place called "Point of Rocks," near the Baltimore and 
Ohio railroad. 

June 29. To-day we passed through Poolsville, a handsome and 
thrifty town. Plere I felt homesick when I saw the school-house, and 
the scholars were playing and jumping rope. But on I went, willing to 
be patient. Our next place was Monocco River (an Indian name). 
We crossed over a handsome bridge into the village of Monocco and 
came to a halt ; took dinner and proceeded on our way (it raining (juite 
hard), up hill and down, arriving at the town of Jefferson about 3 r. m. 
This was a very pretty place. As we ]xissed through the town we be- 
held the stars and stripes swinging in full array from a number of houses, 
and as we beheld the smiling faces which greeted us, and wishing us 
God speed and a glorious victory, this gave us new courage and put 
fresh vigor into all our bones. \Vc still kept on our way, arriving at 
Middletown about 5 o'clock, and went into camp, where I hnd m}self in 
good spirits and shall wait for further orders. 

June 30. In camp, and our orders are to march about noon. Saw 
some of the 33d boys. They are all well. We broke camp at i o'clock, 
passing through Middletown ; met with a/uir reception ; saw some of 



32 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



the "Secesh" spirit manifested (but it did not alarm us much), went for 
a distance of lo miles and camped near the city of Frederick about ii 
o'clock at night. At 3 o'clock, this morning, we were on our taps, and 
at 4 we were on the double-quick. We passed through the quiet little 
towns of Hagerstown and Creigstown. These are both pretty places, 
and we took them by surprise. We could hear the young folks say, 
"Don't the soldiers look pretty," and I heard an old lady exclaim, "I 
never seed sich a sight in all the world ; so many people ; why, where 
did they come from?" I answered, "From the North." "They are a 
mighty smart lot of men, indeed they are." Onward we marched for 
the distance of 23 miles and came very near to Emmettsburg. Here 
we went into camp for tlie night, to await orders ; saw some of the 33d 
boys as they were going out on picket. 

July I. This morning we are waiting tor orders. Our mules are 
hitched into the wagons. We expect to see some fighting before the 
day closes. No mail has come to us since we left Goose Creek. I 
stepped over to the regiment and got a letter dated June 21st, and got 
back just in time to start with my team. We drove 10 miles, arrived at 
the town of Gettysville. Fighting had commenced. I was ordered to 
the front with my load of ammunition, to supply the boys. Went as far 
as the foot of Cemetery Hill, worked Hvely and "scooted" back. Our 
forces are marching to the "fray" from all directions. It is a sight to 
behold. The fighting will be desperate, but we feel confident of success. 
May God grant it. Gen. Lee has advertised that his "troupe" will per- 
form in Pennsylvania for a short time, but I think he will have to dance 
to just such tunes as we see fit to play for him, but I will not "crow" 
until I am out of the woods. It will be a hard struggle. Hooker is not 
in command now. Gen. Meade has taken command. He assumes this 
responsible position without a moment's warning, and issues the follow- 
ing circular to the army : 

The Commanding General requests that previous to the engagement soon expect- 
ed with the enemy, corps and all other commanding officers address their troops and 
explain to them the immense issues involved in the struggle. The whole country 
looks anxiously to this army to deliver it from the presence of the foe. Corps and 
other commanders are authorized to order the instant death of any soldier who fails 
to do his duty at this houi'. 

GEORGE G. MEADE, 

Major-General Commanding. 

The Tith corps started at an early hour, this morning, from Emmetts- 
burg, a village in Frederick Co., Md., 18 miles from Gettysburg, under 
the command of Gen. Reynolds, neither corps knowing the proximity of 
the other. Buford's cavalry had reached the town the night before. 



RKCORl) OF TFIK ?,Ta> MASS. VOI.l'X'IT.F.R IXK.WTRW -^^ 

Upon the arrival of the ist corps, they were instantly engafi;ed, and al- 
most the first volley, our noble Reynolds fell dead. But the battle went 
on, and about noon the iith corps came u]). den. Howard took com- 
mand of the field. He held Steinwehr's division and Weidrick's battery 
for support, the rest of the nth corps formed in the open fields beyond 
the town, and soon were engaged with the "Rebs." There was a gener- 
al engagement for about three miles in length. Our line was broken 
about 4 p. M., and our boys were driven back through the town to Cem- 
etery Hill, losing many in killed and wounded. I have delivered one 
entire load of ammunition to the boys, to-day. 

jri.v 2. About all of last night was spent in examining our position, 
as for as it could be done in safety, and arranging for the troops that are 
coming to our aid. The 2d cor]:)S is just marching by — time 6 A. M. 
Clen. Meade and staff arrived at midnight; about i a.m., Doubleday, 
Hancock and Sickles are on the spot with their commands, all in battle 
array, waiting for the cry of "'Forward," sooner or later. Hunt's battery 
is at our right, what is called "Little Round Top." At my left is Gen. 
Slocum's headquarters, on what is called Powers' Hill. The 5th corps 
has arrived and are held in reserve. This line is formed on a ridge, ex- 
tending southerly and resting on Emmettsburg road. Much hard fight- 
ing has been going on, and neither side has gained much as yet. Was 
on the field most of the day, giving out ammunition. 

July 3. Wt have passed through two days of terrific fighting, and 
each commander is feeling the importance of to-day's issue. Our lines 
have been reinforced by the arrival of fi-esh troops. About 4 o'clock 
this morning, fire opened for about an hour. Our boys advanced, and 
at 1 1 o'clock, to-day, the whole line was re-established, and for two 
hours past it has been ([uiet. During this lull the "Rebs" were deter- 
mined to end the battle, come weal or woe. About i p. M., the axdllery 
fire opened, the ceaseless roar of 200 cannon lasting for over two hours. 
The earth trembled, the sun grew dark in the battle cloud, shouts and 
shrieks mingled in the din, and we knew that death was reaping down our 
brave boys with frightful rapidity. When it closed the rebels advanced 
like an avalanche across the plains, but we met them with solid shot, 
shell and cannister. Still on they came, up to our very works, behind 
which lay the "boys in blue," and for a moment of terrible suspense, vic- 
tory hung trembling in the balance. Line after line of buttle moved out 
and came grandly on, and as they rose from the valley, our guns, from 
Cemetery Hill to Round Top, sent among them showers of cannister, 
anil our braves dealt them a deluging shower of lead whiih laid them 
5 



34 



RECORD OF THE bai) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



down by thousands. At length there came a lull, and then a shout along 
the wearied bleeding line. The enemy was repulsed and the day won, 
Lee is in full retreat, leaving all of his dead and wounded behind him. 
At 5 o'clock, this afternoon, wh'ile I was munching some fried pork and 
a "hard-tack," I was ordered to go to VVe-tminster for a load of ammu- 
nition ; arrived about 9 p. M. 

July 4. What a change, when compared with the Fourth of July of 
one year ago ! All that can be heard in this quiet little village is rattling 
of wheels, such as army wagons and artillery, going to and fro through 
the streets, conveying jn'ovisions and munitions to our brave boys who 
are so nobly standing in front of the enemy and are trying to break the 
bars of traitorism and rebellion. I have seen hundreds of prisoners, to- 
day, as they passed through the village en route for Washington. They 
were dirty, ragged-looking grey-backs. The nth corps has won for it- 
self a name that will last to the end of all future time. It fought bravely 
and nobly, and never ''flinched." The 33d was through it alb I have 
not seen the boys since the morning of the first day's fight and may not 
be able to see them for several days. We are having a beantiful and re- 
freshing shower. 

July 5. I am still in the village of Westminster, waiting for my load 
of ammunition. I shall start very soon for the front. 

July 6. I left Westminster at S by the clock, this morning, with the 
intention of going to the battle-field, proceeded as far as Union Town, a 
distance of six miles, went on for about three miles further, when we re- 
ceived word that Stewart's cavalry was close upon us, so we had to 
about face and go into a piece of woods and camp. We were all fur- 
nished with guns and equipments to protect our train. Stood on guard 
most of the night and Stewart did not come. 

July 7. This morning was a pleasant one, and we were on our taps 
and drove through the towns of Liberty, Johnsville and Mount Pleasant, 
arriving at the city of Frederick about 4 p. M., and went into camp. 
Quite a Union sentiment prevailed in each of these places, if the stars 
and stripes bespoke them, as from about every house we could see them 
displayed. A short distance from our camp can be seen suspended 
from a tree the body of a man (I am informed that he was a rebel spy). 
Upon his person was found quite a sum of confederate scrip and green- 
backs. Li his boots were found plans drawn upon paper of the fortifi- 
cations around Washington and Baltimore, showing the enemy our posi- 
tion, and how to capture our trains. But he has met with his just de- 
serts. 



RECORD OF TITK SHn MASS. VOLUXTEKR IXFAXTRV. 3:5 

July S. I have stopped all day in Frederick, waiting for a load of 
ammunition, but got none. 

JuLV 9. I had to take a load of supplies, as I could not get ammuni- 
tion, and at 12 m. I started, and drove seven miles, arriving at Middle- 
town ; dro\e four miles beyond and camped for the night. 

July 10. I started, this morning, at 9 o'clock for the rest of the 
train ; overtook it just two miles beyond Boonsboro, a nice little town. 
Here we followed in the rear of the whole army. 

July 11. In camp two miles beyond Pioonsboro, with the rest of my 
comrades. I found them well, and they were glad to see me on my re- 
turn from W'esirninster, having been gone just one week. 1 have heard 
from the 33d, this morning. It has fought nearly every day for a week 
or more. Truly it has been lucky thus far, and I hope it always may be. 
My company (E) had a number wounded, viz. : James Hosley of West- 
ford lost an arm. Charles Pierce of Groton an arm, George Stevens of 
Pepperell shot through the head, the ball entering his right eye, Freder- 
ick Cutter of Charlestown in the head, Edward Battles of Littleton in the 
leg, Ralph W. Parker in the stomach ; the ball struck his belt between 
the letters U. S. ; Billy Jubb had a bullet go through his canteen and in- 
to his haversack, l)ut did not know about it until he was making him 
some coffee for dinner ; he found it lodged in the coffee-bag. Buckley 
and Owens are all right up to this present time, and I hope they may al- 
ways be so lucky. I am in hopes to see the regiment soon and get 
more particulars. 

July 12. Well, we have given them (the "Rebs") a sound thrashing 
upon ''loyal soil," and now to cap what we have done, Vicksburg is ours 
also. It seems that the tide has turned in our favor. Oh ! Jeff, where 
are you now? Where is your Stone-wall, and your Long-street, and 
your Barks-dale, with your 'ieg'on," who came upon the Northern soil 
to whip the "cursed Yanks?" But the Army of the Potomac met them, 
gave them battle, and is now in full pursuit of the retreating foe, and 
echo answers, their '•Stonewall" has tumbled down, their "Longstreet" 
has become a short one, and their "Barksdale" has found that he barked 
up the wrong tree, while many of their "legion" are prisoners and many 
are lying dead upon the blood-stained field of Gettysburg. 

July 13. In camp near Funkstown, Maryland. It is raining hard 
and keeps the Potomac high. Poor Lee is in a tight place. Nearly 100 
prisoners were taken, to-day. A rebel ofificer was among the number. 
Our boys are all in good spirits and feel confident of success. They 
think a good deal of Gcfi Meado, but give me "Fighting Joe" yet. 



36 



RECOKlJ OF THF. 8Sh MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



July 14. Broke camp, this morning, aixl started for Williamsport, a 
distance of 10 miles, arrived at darl<. Here we found that Robert (Lee) 
had given us the "shp." 

July 15. ^\ ell, we had to about face and take the back track to- 
wards Dixie, passing through Hagerstown, over Beaver Creek, and 
through the small village of Myersville, arriving at Middletown at 11 p. 
M., and camped. 

July 16. We started again at 7, this morning, en route for Harper's 
Ferry. We arrived at Mount Pleasant, or Pleasant Valley, distance six 
miles, and within two miles of the Potomac river, and went into camp. 
We have received news that Port Hudson has surrendered to Gen. 
Banks, also that Sherman has given Joe Johnston a whipping. Now, if 
all this be true, with the flogging we have given Lee, we ought not to be 
discouraged. All this has been accomplished within the space of one 
month and a few days. We have weakened their force greatly, to say 
nothing of the territory we have gained from them, which is considera- 
ble. 

July 17. We are still in camp at Pleasant Valley. It is raining hard, 
but our pontoon bridges are laid, and the cavalry and artillery are cross- 
ing, r think that Lee will not pay another visit to Pennsylvania, nor 
will he sing the song of "Maryland, My Maryland," as he called it, for 
this voyage is a sick one to him. I went over to the regiment, this fore- 
noon, saw the boys ; they are well. 

July 18. We left the pleasant town of Berlin, Md., near Pleasant 
Valley, arriving at the pontoon bridge just at dark, crossed over all safe, 
and camped for the night. It was just 12 o'clock ; partook of supper, 
consisting of fried beef, coflee and "hard-tack ;" went to bed. 

July 19. Sunday morning, 4 o'clock, and we are on our "taps." and 
by half-past 5 we were double-quicking along the road of Old Virginia, 
leaving the Potomac and the scenes which we had passed through far in 
the rear. We passed through the town of Lovettsville, Loudon county, 
arriving at the town of Waterford. It was in this place that the first 
regiment of cavalry was recruited for the war, also the first infantry regi- 
ment, both Union, this being the boundary line between East and West 
Virginia. So we are in a loyal place and among good loyal people. 
We proceeded on and arrived at camp about noon, made a halt for the 
night. I have seen Jubb and Buckley. 

July 20. Up at 4 o'clock, took breakfast, and at 5 we were headed 
for Middleburg, just 17 miles to travel; 3 p. m., and we are within two 
miles of it and goiie into camp for the night ; so far, so good. 



RI'XORD OF TllK 3?>v MASS. VOIAN TEKR IXKAXTRV. 37 

]uLV2i. In camp all day, arn.1 went blackl)eiTying ; picked three 
quarts. 

July 22. In camp, to-day; went for some more berries. The in- 
habitants call this place Moimtsville, or "Mudtown." I think it very ap- 
propriate. It is a real hot-bed of "Secesh." 

July 23. Up and on the move at 5 a. m. for Warrington, passing 
through the "Secesh" village of Middleburg, wending our way up hill 
and down, and arrived at White Plains about i p. M., Ijaited our teams, 
made ourselves some dinner. This is the place where the 33d regiment 
made a reconnoissance while we lay at Thoroughfare (lap, of which 1 
have spoken before. It looked (juite natural, but I little thought that I 
should visit it so soon again. We started again on our way and came 
within a mile or two of the ( iap, and turned to the right on the Warring- 
ton road, arriving at New Baltimore (best known to our boys as "Camp 
Mutton," where we confiscated so many sheep, hogs, hens and turkeys, 
and rolled honey as a sweet morsel under our tongues), took care of our 
teams, ate a good supper and lay down for the night. 

July 24. This morning finds me in good health and spirits. We are 
within five miles of Warrington and awaiting orders. 

July 25. We left New Baltimore at 3 o'clock, to-day, for Warrington 
Junction, ])assing through Catlett's Station, and arrived about 6, to- 
night. Shall probably make a stop here for some time. Went o\'er to 
th« regiment, found the l)oys well. Received a letter from home, the 
first one since I left Maryland. If you want a soldier to be full of life 
and energy and good courage, just write him a letter from home, and he 
will forget all about dull care or discouragements ; it juits life and vigor 
into us and animates both soul and body. 

]UTA" 26. I had a surjjrise. this morning, in the shape of a package, 
that came through the politeness of Comrade Dinsmore. He received a 
bo.\ from home, and as he gave me that jjortion which belonged to me, 
I hastened to examine the contents, viz. : One box of mustard, one 
pound of tobacco, a paper of needles and a "hank" of thread. Truly, I 
thought the day of Jubilee had come. .Ml was safe and in good order, 
with the exception of a bottle of whisky, which got broken, and some 
got into the mustard, and some on the tobacco. Now the boys know 
I never drink, neither do I intend to, but if I happen to get "tight" on 
my mustard and tobacco, of course they will forgive me. 

July 27-28-29. In camp and awaiting orders. All is quiet, calm 
and serene, and in the language of Daniel AVebster, I would say, "I still 
live." 



38 RECORD OF THE ?,3d MASS. VObUNTEER INFANTRY. 

July 30. Friday morning The sun is shining beautiful and clear. 
My health is good, but after all, to own right up, I do feel lonesome at 
times, but I do not give up to these thoughts. 

July 31. Expect to move soon, and in all probability shall keep 
moving until this "cruel war" is over, and I hope and desire that it may 
close soon. 

Aug. 1-2. We are camped at "Cedar Creek," and I am seated in an 
old building, which we now occupy as a barn for our mules. I have 
many thoughts which are running through my brain, but yet both spirits 
and courage are good, and my patriotic feelings are like unto this : 

"We are twenty millions still, 
With the luart and with the linll. 
Our whole duty to falHl." 

"And though I am a Soldier boy. 

And far away I roam, 
In every letter I rcccivt: 

There is a loorld of Honied 

Aug. 3. It is move, move ; we are always in motion. To-day linds 
us at Catlett's Station. How long we shall stop, I cannot tell. The 
paymaster has arrived. 

Aug. 4. We were paid, to-day, for four months, and it was accepta- 
ble to all parties ; so say the boys. 

Aug. 5-6- 7-S. We have moved our camp one mile from Catlett's 
Station, on to a hill, which I shall call the "Hill of Zion." 1 give it this 
name myself, and will describe it as well as I know how. It is not the 
hill that yields a thousand sacred sweets, that the poet speaks of, but it 
does yield all kinds of weeds and not much grass. The station is on the 
right of the hill, while Warrington is at our left. At the north of us is a 
vast wilderness of trees, and to the south of us is a beautiful creek of wa- 
ter, which affords us a good chance to water our mules, as well as for 
bathing purposes, and as cleanliness is next to godliness, we improved 
it. The hill is high, which gives us a splendid view of all that is going 
on. The Warrington, Alexandria and Washington railroad runs to the 
left of the hill and divides us from the station. The i ith Corps is guard- 
ing the railroad, the gallant nth of which you have heard so much, and 
to which I have the honor to belong. The 33d regiment is called the 
"Flying Infantry." It was given to the regiment by its colonel, for by 
their fast marching they have killed one horse for him. He was notable 
to stand the fatigue. I am told it was a nice horse, but alas ! they can 
beat horse-ilesh, so we derive the name, "Flying Infantry." \ short dis- 
tance from our canip is the headquarters of Gen. Steinwehr, our division 



RECORD OF THE 33u MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 39 

general. It has once been the residence of a wealthy slave-holder, but. 
to-day, it is in a dilapidated state, and the rebellion has been the cause 
of it. It is quite a large plantation of 1300 acres, a splendid orchard ; 
has been worth in the day of peace $20,000. Such is war antl its con- 
setjuences. The general and staff occupy the whole of the main part of 
the house, while the front yard is filled with tents and occupied by offi- 
cers who perform other duties throughout the division. Upon the gate 
can be seen a large blue flag floating to the breeze, and in the centre is 
a white crescent, and this crescent represents the nth corps. Now I 
have given you a description of the "Hill ot Zion" and its surroundings, 
hoping that it may be interesting to some who helped enact the scenes 
of 1863. 

Aug. 9. It is a delightful day for Sunday, but it is like all other days 
— work, work, work, all the time, and I have concluded to think that it 
is about as the good Book says, "The way of transgressors is hard." 

Aug. 10. We have had, to-day, what makes the heart of every sol- 
dier glad if they once get their eyes upon it, and it is the loaf of "soft 
bread." We were obliged to dispense with it for nearly 10 weeks, dur- 
ing which time we have nibbled "hard-tack," cracked jokes, done some 
"tall marching," through storm, through sunshine, through conflict,, to 
victory. Thus we go on our way rejoicing, happy in the thought that 
makes us exclaim : "Who wo'jld not be a soldier?" Such luxuries ! 
How delicious, coffee without sugar ! Well, please change the subject. 

Aug. 11-12-13-14. Well, the nth of August has rolled around, and 
wnth it one year of my service has been spent in battling for my country 
and my home. I will not attempt to describe it further, for time and 
space will not permit me to do it. But let me forget the hardships and 
what I have passed through and say that I am thankful to my Heavenly 
Father, who has been with me through the past year and protected me 
from all harm, blessed me with good health and strength, has brought 
me safely through dangers, both seen and unseen, 'and still how unthank- 
ful I have been. And ere another year shall have passed, I trust that 
this wicked rebellion may have ceased and that peace, truth and right- 
eousness may prevail, and that war may be known no more in our land ; 
but what the future may bring forth is entirely unknown to me. I have 
been to the regiment ; the boys are well and seem to be in good spirits, 
and so am I. I am now driving a six-mule team. It is a pleasant kind 
of work, but sometimes hard, and requires much patience, and tlie say- 
ing is, "Time, Patience and Industry are the grand masters of the 
world." 



40 RECORD OF THE SSo MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRW 

Aug. 15, through 19th. We have done nothing to speak of for the 
few days past but to look after our teams ; expecting to move again 
soon. 

Aug. 20. We are in camp, to-day, at Bristow Station. It is a good 
thing to have a plenty of exercise. The enemy keep trying to see if 
they can get through our lines, but it is of no use. I think that they 
will be satisfied before long that we are enough for them. 

Aug. 21. We do not stay long in a place, but keep changing around, 
and how long we shall stay here is more than I can tell. This is the 
place where the rebels surrounded Gen. Pope's train of cars one year 
ago, and burned them. Both sides of the railroad for quite a distance 
are scattered with debris and fragments of boilers and pieces of cars ; a 
hard-looking sight. It is a nice tract of country, but since it has been 
occupied by troops it is but one vast waste and desolation. On the 
right of our camp can be seen the ruins of a once splendid mansion, and 
at our left is another mansion, nearly all torn to pieces, and all that you 
can see for miles around is cellars and standing chimneys, with now and 
then a lone hut, occupied by negroes, whose masters are, to-day, in reb- 
el ranks fighting against us. Poor deluded mortals ! Like Esau of old, 
they have sold their birthright lor a mess of pottage. While sitting in 
my wagon, which is close by the commissary's quarters, I behold three 
young women who have come for three miles to ask for something to 
sustain life. They are the wives of Secesh soldiers who are now in the 
army fighting against us. I could tell cf many other just such cases, but 
time and space will not permit of it. I have been over to the regiment ; 
seen Jubb and Buckley ; both are well. 

Aug. 22, through 2Sth. To-day is warm and pleasant. We have had 
during the past 23 days the warmest weather that I ever experienced. 
It has been uncomfortable, so much so, that I have worn nothing but 
shirt and pants, and then sometimes I would almost give up, the heat 
was so intense. When the boys marched from Warrington Junction to 
Brentsville — it was Aug. 9th — the heat was so intense that many of the 
regiment fell out and lay down, unable to walk, and they told me it was 
the first time for them since they enlisted to fall out of the ranks, so you 
can judge from this that we are seeing some warm weather. But from 
the 24th, if you could only see the change ! — it turned out to be as cold 
as it had been warm. It has driven us all around the fire, and caused 
us to i)ut on the overcoat, and for two days it has not been uncomforta- 
ble, but to-day it seems a little more pleasant, with cool nights and 
mornings. We are having "'soft bread'' iuswed twice a week. Morujays 



l<K(~(ilM) Ml' nil-: :?;;i, MASS V()1.L'NT1:i:K IM'.WIUN 



4^ 



and Fridays, and I am thankful for that. The L;round ujjon wliicli we 
are cam)»ed has l)ecn oc<-u])ied for tlie past two years by our troops, 
and it is just as bare as tlie seat on which I am sittinL,^ while penning 
these lines — a "hard-tack" box. Tnere is not a spear of i^rass nor a 
fence rail for nearly lo miles ; only stumps and s]irul)s can l)e seen. 

Aug. 29, to 31st, Has been spent in camp, and our orders are to he 
in readiness for another move. 

Skit. 1 . We left Bristow Station at 4 o'ckx-k, this morning, and 
went back to the old i)lace of camp, '"/ion's Hill," of which I have giv- 
en a description. About lo a. iM. 1 v.ent to the regiment, saw [ubb and 
Owens ; they are well. I am now camped six miles from them and can- 
not tell when I may see them again. I am only allowed the privilege of 
going to my regiment once a week now. for orders are \ery strict. Ru- 
mor says that we are to be detached from the Army of the Potomac and 
despatclied to Chattanooga to reinforce Rosecrans, who is heavily 
pressed l)y Bragg. We have turned over our teams and ordered to re- 
port to division headcfuarters. 

Skit. 12. We have been in camp for the jjast 12 days, during which 
time several changes liave i)een made. I have been transferred from 
the ammunition train to the Pioneer corps. This is a company number- 
ing al)out 75 men, taken from different companies and regiments in the 
<livision, and are called Division Pioneers. We are commanded by 
Capt. Lucas. He is from the 73d Ohio regiment. While on the march 
we go ahead of the division, cut down trees, lay bridges, remove obsta- 
cles, etc., etc. Now, while I am filling out my diary, my attention is 
called off to a comical-looking sight. As I am seated in my tent, I be- 
hold an old Virginia farm wagon, drawn by one yoke of oxen. The 
load consists of five persons — the mother, two daughters, a little child 
and "black Susy." The old man sits straddle of the nigli ox, and with 
whip in hand drives last or slow, just as the occasion may require, 
'i'hey have made a stop at heath [uarters for their rations, (so I am in- 
formed). It looks hard, l)Ut nevertheless, if they will jjersist in destrov- 
ing the Union, they must suffer the consecpiences. A heavy shower, ac- 
companied with thunder and lightning and high wind, has refreshed us 
some and it is now clear and lovely as a bell. 

Sept. 13. We are having soft bread, fresh beef, pork, dried apple, 
beans and coffee, with other things too numerous to mention ; surely, 
this indicates a move. 

Skit. 14. to 2^d. \\'e ha\e been in cam]) for nine or ten davs. ex- 
6 



42 



RECORD ()!'■ THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INEANTRV 



pecting that something will turn up. Rumor says one thing, and then 
another, but no one seems to know what we shall do. 

Sefi'. 24. Orders have been received, to-day, to be in readiness to 
march. We are busy packing up and getting ready for a move. We 
start, to-morrow, for Chattanooga, sure '"pop ;" we shall bid farewell to 
the Army of the Potomac ere another sun shall rise. 

Sefi'. 25. This mojning at 4 o'clock, we Pioneers had our tents 
struck, and went marching along, arriving at Mannassas Junction about 8 
o'clock. Here we found the cars awaiting our arrival. After having 
got aboard and nicely seated, the word was given, "All aboard," the 
whistle sounded, the bell rang, and we found ourselves on the move, 
bound for the "Land of Dixie." It was not long before we found our- 
selves in Alexandria ; stopped one hour ; were not allowed to leave the 
cars. We then proceeded on our way and arrived at Washington, D. 
C. ; here we made a stop until sunset, when we began to move forward, 
night having come on. I lay down upon the car floor and was soon in 
"dream-land." 

Sept. 26. I awoke at 6 a. m., and, looking out of the car door, we 
were crossing the bridge at Harper's Ferry. It is a splendid piece of 
work, all iron, built upon stout stone pillars for its foundation ; it is 100 
feet high and one mile long. It was destroyed twice by the "Rebs." 
As we passed through the town I could only see the ruins of tottering 
walls and a few shanties, lately erected for a covering for those who were 
left houseless by the invaders. We kept moving on, arriving at the town 
of Martinsburg, West Virginia ; here we were treated to a good breakfast 
of hot coffee, bread and meat by the citizens, who welcomed us gladly. 
After partaking of breakfast, we were soon in motion, and all along 
through the town we were saluted from the windows with handkerchiefs, 
towels, the stars and stripes and aprons, which were shaken to the breeze 
to cheer us on to victory. We returned the compliment with hearty 
cheers as we passed along. The next town that welcomed us was New 
Creek, and the next was Piedmont ; here we stopped one hour and wait- 
ed for the mail-train to pass. It being night, I lay down to rest. 

Sept. 27. As I awoke, this morning, I found myself still moving 
along. We passed through several small towns, by mountains and 
through valleys, which presented as grand a scene as one would wish to 
behold. On and on we went for miles, seeing nothing but clilTs which 
overhung on both sides of us. A few miles further on, and the whistle 
announced that we were approaching the town of Brentwood, and the 
last of Virginia soil. Here we got out of the rnrs and mnrrhed across 



RKCORI) OF TIIK 3Si) MASS. VOl.UXTKKR IXF.WTRV 



43 



the river upon pontoon bridges, and arrived in the State of Ohio, halting 
at Drayton ; here we met with a hearty welcome ; they gave us hot cof- 
fee, bread and meat, with many rousing cheers from the multiiudes of 
spectators that crowded the banks of the river. Our 33d band favored 
them with some very nice music, which pleased them much. Tlie hour 
is up and the bugle's voice is heard, and the word is, "Fall in," which 
we accordingly did, and marched to the cars ; and it was not long be- 
fore we were moving at the rate of 25 miles an hour. We passed 
through the farming ])ortion of this State (Ohio), which would do any- 
body's eyes good to behold. It now became dark, and I lay down for 
the night and dropped off to slee[). 

Sept. 28. At 4 o'clock, this morning, I awoke in the beautiful town 
of Zanesville. I could see but few white complexions, but any quantity 
of black ones. We made a stop just long enough to wood and water 
up, and proceeded on our way. Our next place was Columl)us, a nice 
city, and we were welcomed with cheers on cheers. On we travelled 
until night overtook us, and lay down to rest. 

Sept. 29. This morning at 2 o'clock I was awakened l)y the sound 
of a voice like unto this : "Fall out and change cars." This was quickly 
done, and I found myself at Jefferson. W'e marclied for a mile or more 
and came to the river ; crossed it in a ferry-boat. Our band played 
"Dixie" and "When will this cruel war be over," and we were 5:oon land- 
ed "on the other side of Jordan ;" oh, no, but in the beautiful city of 
Louisville, Kentucky. We marched to the Soldiers' Home, partook of a 
good breakfast of bread, meat and coffee. From here we went to the 
cars, and went jogging along through a portion of the States of Kentucky 
and Tennessee, and arrived at Bridgeport, Alabama, about noon. After 
getting out of the cars and we were getting into line, quite an eruption 
of fireworks in the shape of a "magazine" commenced blazing away, 
shooting forth (juantities of ])owder, ball and solid shot, many of the 
pieces of hot shell falling around us, and full near enough to be comfort- 
able. The explosion was accidental, caused by the falling of a box of 
torpedoes, which' ignited other comlnistibles, hence the explosion. No 
lives were lost. 

Sept. 30. In camp and resting ; awaiting for orders. 

Oct. I. Busy, to-day, laying out streets, but liable to move at any 
moment. 

Ocr. 2. We have had a severe rain-storm since our arrival ; it com- 
menced on the night of the same day and kept on pouring down in tor- 
rents until this morning ; it has commenced clearing and the sun is out 



44 



KLt OKI) Oy THE 3Sii MASS. VoLUXTEER IXFAXTRV 



lovely and the mud is drying up fast. (Jur camp is pleasantly situated 
on the banks of the Tennessee river, overhung with beautiful oak and 
hickory trees ; how long we shall remain liere is uncertain. Our cavalry 
had a severe fight about 12 miles from here, last night, and were victori- 
ous over the enemy. All seems to be quiet around Chattanooga, where 
Rosecrans now is. 

Oct. 3, 10 1 6th. Nothing of much importance has transpired. We 
have seen nothing but mountains on all sides of us, divided by the Ten- 
nessee ri\er, with the exception of now and then a shanty, as far as the 
eye can beliold. We are just on the verge of four States — Alabama, 
Georgia, Tennessee and Kentucky. We are Iniilding a fort to protect 
the railroad. This (Bridgeport) was once a tlourishing little town, when 
the Union was as it used to be, but the inhabitants thinking that it would 
be better to follow the paths of their "Secesh" leaders, are now repent- 
ing for their foolishness by being left in ^joverty and rags. I was told by 
a friend whose acqaintance I have made while I have been at work here 
(he belongs to the 7th Tennessee cavalry) that as we shall go further 
towards Chattanooga we shall see farmers who were once happy and pros- 
perous, lived at their ease and never knew what hard work was, but are 
to-day poverty-stricken and perfectly destitute, and are dependent upon 
our commissaries for the food which they eat. This is the place where 
Rosecrans flanked Gen. Bragg on the 30th day of July last, and drove 
him and his whole army beyond Chattanooga, where they remained un- 
til within a short time, for they have rather got the better of "Rosa," and 
he, like the one of old, gives a Macedonian call for us to come down 
and helj) him, and that is why we boys are here to-day. I rather like 
being in Dixie, better than Virginia, and I hope that if I have to give the 
remainder of my time in the service of "Uncle Samuel," I may spend it 
down here. We came just in the right time of the year; it was cool, 
and when we get acclimated it will be more healthy for us. We are 
3 200 miles from Virginia, 1600 from Boston. Tire 33d is at Stevenson, 
guarding the railroad. I am at the front, 14 miles from them. 

Oct. 17-18-19. We have had another severe rain-storm; the river 
is quite high ; the sun is shiaing lovely once more, and clear weather 
again. 

Oct. 20. Nothing of importance has transpired since our arrival to 
the Army of the Cumberland. Bragg will not be impatient to attack us ; 
if he does, let him come. The Army of the Potomac have fell back on 
to the defences of Washington. I think that if Robert E. takes any 
more Meade, he will not go into Pennsylvania for it. It would upset 



RixoRD (II TifK a;;ii mass. \ ( )I,l .vri;i;k [xia.\i'r\. ac:^ 

him cntiix'ly, and he will nut gel back to Richmond as well as he ciid 
from Gettysburg. I have all confidence in Gen. (xeorge G. Meade. As 
commander of the Army of the Potomac, he woi^ a world-wide fame bv 
his defeat of Lee. He was Hooker's riglit-hand man in the (hsastrous 
Inittle of Chancellorsville, and, after the removal of the former from the 
liead of the army, was put in his place. His appointment at the time 
took us boys by surprise, as but litde had been heard of him. His words 
of encouragement to the boys of the Potomac: will never be forgotten : 
"The enemy is now upon our soil. The whole country looks anxiously 
to this army to dehver it from the presence of the foe. Homes, firesides 
and domestic altars are involved. The army has fouglit well heretofore 
and it is believed that it will fight more bravely than ever." He is a 
good as well as a great man, and well deserves the fame he has so nobly 
won. 

Oct. 2 1. I am out of the Army of the Potomac and am glad of it. 
I have marched and re-marched over Virginia soil enough, and now here 
I am in the Army of the C'umberland. The climate seems to agree with 
me better. We have been to work around heachjuarters, making thin<'-s 
look neat ^Ve have finished the fort that we have been building to 
protect the railroad l:)ridge. It is opposite what is called "Raccoon 

Mountain." It is 50 feet by 60. It is intended for battery. 

This battery is the one that did such execution at Chancellorsville in the 
fight of May 3d and 4th, 1863. When the "Rebs" charged to take it, 
the captain ordered it to be loaded with cartridges, such as the infantry 
\ise ; so they init in one box at a time and let "her went," mowing them 
down by scores. It is a s])lendid battery and numbers six pieces 
(brass). 

Oct. 22. We are now at work on railroad bridges, haxing one nearlv 
completed. The first one is i (o feet in length, 25 feet high ; the "sills" 
and cai)s are 12x14. It is heavy work. The other is a much larger 
one. They are on the road that runs to Chattanooga, which conveys 
troops and supplies to the army. It has rained for the i)ast 20 days 
most of the time and is raining to-day. The river is high and still on 
the rise. The 33d is still at Stevenson. There is a change al)out to 
take place, but 1 know not what ii is. 

Oct. 23-24-25. Still at work on railroad bridge ; shall fuiish, to-day. 
We shall go to the front soon. 

Oct. 26. We received marching orders to-day. 

Oct. 27. I arose at 4 a. m., partook of coffee, fried pork and "hard- 
tack," struck tents and slung otir knapsacks on our l)acks, and axes on 



46 RECORD OF 'I'llK 33i> MASS. V()I,UXTKER IXFAXTRV. 

our shoulders, and went marching along in the following order : Pioneer 
company in front, followed by the 73d Pennsylvania, 134th, 154th and 
136th New York regiments ; next in order came the 33d Massachusetts, 
73d and 55th Ohio, commanded by Gen. Steinwehr, "Fighting Joe" tak- 
ing the lead of us all. We proceeded for seven miles, arriving at a place 
called Shellmount. At this place we found a cave where the "Rebs" 
manufactured salt-petre, which was worth dollars to them, but old 
"Rosa" made them "get up and get" to the tune of double-quick ; he cap- 
tured nearly 500 Johnnies who were employed in making gunpowder. 
This he accomphshed on or about the 30th of July. Here we rested for 
an hour or more, and with some of my comrades I took a survey of the 
cave. It goes into the mountain for several miles. In this cave there 
is a river, called by those who have explored it, the "Unknown river." 
Upon the outside of this cave is a s])ring of water which comes from un- 
der the solid rock. I drank from it ; it was delicious and cool. At the 
word, "Fall in," we obeyed and went on ; we marched slow and cau- 
tiously, up hill, down hill, across brooks, over rocks, and upon the 
mountain sides, with overhanging crags high above our heads, presenting 
a tine view. The country is rough, with a few scattering log huts. The 
occupants were mostly women and children, looking out of the door as 
we were passing along ; not a man could be seen and we concluded that 
they must be in the army, for everything seemed to be in a state of de- 
moralization ; in fact, thought I to myself, how do they live? Thus we 
passed along until night overtook us, and having marched 15 miles, we 
bivouacked for the night ; made my bed upon four fence rails and had a 
good night's rest. 

Oct. 28. At four o'clock, this morning, the drum announced to us 
to get ready for another day's march, and at daylight we were on our 
way with slow and cautious step, tor we did not know what might be in 
store for us, as there were any quantity of "Rebs" and "Bushwhackers" 
awaiting to receive us. We went on until noon, stopped for dinner and 
a rest. At the word "Forward" we proceeded on, but it was not long- 
before we pioneers were ordered to the rear, and an advance guard was 
sent on ahead, followed by the 73d Pennsylvania, About 3 p. M. they 
were received very coolly by the bursting of a shell over their heads, giv- 
ing them to understand that something must be "did." We came on to 
a camp of "Rebs," quite a sharp skirmish took place, which resulted in 
routing and driving them before us. On we went, they still falling back ; 
we killed a few, took some prisoners. As we were nearing the valley we 
were welcomed by solid shot and shells that came over our heads from 
the top of Lookout mountain, and am glad to say that no harm was done 



RECORD OF rilK ;!;'>i. mass. VULU-VIKKK 1MANTR\ 



47 



us during the day with the exception of Sergeant Adams of Co. F, 33d 
regiment, who was killed by a bursting shell. We succeeded in gaining 
the road wliich the\- (the "Rebs') refused to give, and all praise is due 
to "Old Joseph," the hero of battles. We proceeded on up the valley 
for about two miles, where we surprised a force of the enemy ; here we 
formed two lines of liattle, drove them through the woods so flist that we 
hardly got an opportunity fcjr a shot at them ; they set on fire and de- 
stroyed the railroad bridge on their retreat. We soon reached the foot 
of Lookout, which gave us a good sight of their "Long Tom," which was 
anything but pleasing, but its immense height at which it was placed 
(1400 feet above the level) rendered their shot and shell almost harm- 
less. We still kept on for about two miles beyond, and went into cauij^ 
for the night, much fatigued by the march over the rough roads, and we 
hoped for a good night's rest. Here we prejjared our coffee and "tack," 
spread our blankets and lay down for the night in eld Tennessee, among 
strangers and the enemy, expecting that on the morrow another hard 
day's work for us was in store. During nil this time the "Rebs" had 
succeeded in gaining a foothold upon a ridge near the scene of our af- 
ternoon skirmish, and after dark threw up a line of rifle-]Mts which threat- 
ened us seriously. About midnight we were awakened by the beating 
of the "long roll" and a cry made, "'I'o arms." 'I'he enemy had at- 
tacked our pickets, and it was true a battle had commenced. It fell to 
the lot of the "Iron Brigade," as Hooker calls it. which was immediately 
ordered out, and before i o'clock was marching back with orders to car- 
ry and hold the ridge at all hazards. Upon their arrival it was found to 
be a steep declivity of nearly 200 feet, so thickly wooded and covered 
with underbrush as to almost render it impassable ; but it must be clone 
before daylight, or the consequences would prove serious. To the 33d 
Massachusetts and 73d Ohio was assigned this perilous duty of charging 
up that steep mountain side and driving the enemy from the top, and 
how well it was done, the result will prove. The 33d regiment had only 
se\en com])anies present, the other three having gone on a secret expe- 
dition. At the word "Forward," the boys took as (juick a step as the 
nature of the ground would permit, and slowly worked their way up the 
steep side of the ridge, not knowing what might be in store for them 
upon their arrival at the top, determined to do or die. The 33d was on 
the right, the 73d Ohio on the left. Arriving near the to]) and but a 
short distance from the pits, a i'cw shots were fired by our men, when the 
"Rebs" commenced their old game, crying out, "Don't fire on your own 
men." It being so verv dark, our 1m)vs did not know but such might be 



^8 RECORD (JF THE ;13d MASS. VOLUNTEER IXEAXTRY. 

tlie case, and the firing ceased. One of our officers inquired, "Is that 
the 73d?" "Yes," was the reply, "what regiment is that?" Upon be- 
ing answered, "33d Massachusetts," they poured into us a terrible volley 
from right to left. Our men gave them shot for shot, but the loss in our 
regiment was fearful. Adjutant Mudge fell dead at the first fire. Col. 
Underwood fe51, dangerously, and as we supposed, mortally, wounded. 
It being impossible to advance the regiment further, in its disordered 
state, it fell back to the foot of the hill and quickly formed for the 
charge, and as they now knew what they had got to contend with on 
their way up, and the disposition of the occupants at the top, they start- 
ed slowly and cautiously, with orders not to fire, but drive the enemy 
out entirely with the point of the bayonet.' Once more gaining their 
former position, they were received with a murderous fire. The men, 
with knapsacks on, kept pushing and climbing for the top, which was 
finally reached, and then commenced a scene of heroism and bravery 
seldom ei[ualled in this war. (jver the bank and into the pits, with the 
enemy, was but the work of an instant, and at it they went, charging 
with the l)ayonet, dealing each other blows over the head with the mus- 
ket, slashing and cutting with swords, until the whole scene resembled a 
grand knock-down, our boys reaching over the pits and dragging out the 
"Rebs" by the collar. This was too much for them, and they seemed 
amazed and confused, and finally gave way and started over the oppo- 
site side of the hill at a fast pace, our boys giving them the contents of 
their muskets as fast as possible, leaving the 33d in possession of the hill, 
about TOO prisoners, a large number of guns and all of their intrenching 
tools, which were speedily given into the hands of the pioneers, and in a 
short time we had a formidable line of pits thrown up on the other side 
of the ridge. Then we had a little tune to look over and see how much 
this gallant act had cost us in the loss of officers and men. Out of 238 
men and officers who went into action, the 33d regiment lost 87 killed, 
including eight commissioned officers, colonel, adjutant, two captains 
and four lieutenants. l"he 73d Ohio did bravely and fought nobly, los- 
ing a number of good boys. Our brave Colonel Underwood is danger- 
ously wounded in the groin, and the thigh bone shattered ; Adjutant W. 
P. Mudge killed instantly, shot through the head ; Lieut. James Hill shot 
through, the heart ; Lieut. Jones shot through the back, spine broken. 
The other officers are wounded more or less serious, but are not consid- 
ered dangerous. Co. E, killed : Corporals John Mayo, Eliab Churchill 
and George L. Whitcomb of Townsend, and William Crockett of Groton. 
It wns a fact, though remarkalile, that these four had a strong jiresenti- 



RKCORl) (W THE :';;"!ii MASS. VOI.rXTKF.U TXI" AXTUV 



49 



mcnt that they would he killed. Previous to tliis, ihev had always been 
lull of lite and mirth, but on each oc(-asion that 1 saw thern during our 
march uj) the valley, they ai)i).are(l gloomy and despondent ; and 
Crockett remarked to me that he thought some of them were going into 
their last battle ; and, ))oor tellows. their ])resentiment ])roved true, as I 
saw them, this morning, lying nearly side by side as thev had fallen. 
Privates V. }. Hutchins of W'estford. Franklin Wright and Daxid Wares 
of Townsend were among the killed. Tlie)- were within lo feet of the 
enemy's works. I saw them, this morning, slee])ing their last sleep, 
having fought their last battle, and looking as natural as in life. May 
we ever cherish their memory and rememljer that they died true to the 
old flag and for their country they loved so well. Peace to their ashes. 
Sergeant Williams of Groton and Private Evander Wright of Townsend 
were among the wounded. One incident among the many was the he- 
roic conduct of Sergeant John F. Buckly of Co. E. During the second 
charge of the regiment, ('orporal Jubb went over the rebel works and 
was collared by a stalwart "Reb," who attempted to stab him with his 
dirk, and while in the act, Buckley brought him (the "Reb") a blow 
over the head with the butt of his gun, knocking him senseless, and, 
there being nine more in the pit, he demanded them to surrender, which 
they accordmgly did, and threw down their arms. He then collared his 
j)risoner and ordered the others to follow. As lie jjroceeded down the 
hill, he met Major Lamson, who ordered him to take them to the pro- 
vost guard, which he did, and delivered them up for safe keeping. The 
next morning, each one commenced telling of their midnight adveiiture 
to the boys, and after a little explanation, it was found that Jubb was the 
man whose life had been preserved by Sergeant Bucklev. When Buck- 
ley imrolled his blanket it was riddled with bullet holes. 

Oct. 29. This morning finds us occupying the pits on the top of the 
ridge. A large force of the enemy is in our front, and from old Look- 
out's battlements they continually belch forth at us their deadly missiles, 
and as far as injury is concerned, no one has been injured as yet. A 
solid shot struck within 10 feet of our fire, upon which we were prepar- 
ing our morning meal, overturning our dippers of coffee and filling our 
eyes with dirt, causing a sudden change of base. The 33d feel proud ot 
last night's doings, it being their first charge, and it is pronounced by all 
a daring and gallant feat. Gen. Hooker .says it is the greatest charge of 
the war, but no more than he exi)ects of Massachusetts troops. Done at 
the hours of midnight, up a steep mountain side, it was a brave and gal- 
lant act. Coming from the Army of the Potomac into the Army of the 



50 RECORD DF THE 33ij MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

Cumberland, and this being our first engagement, the Western boys are 
delighted and show their friendship with a hearty shake of the hand. 
Massachusetts is represented in the Army of the Cumberland by two reg- 
iments only, the 2d and 33d. 

Oct. 30. All is quiet, this morning, and our work goes bravely on. 
We miss our colonel, our adjutant and those of our fallen comrades. 
The enemy still remind us of their presence by a shell that comes whiz- 
zing over our heads. I have worked all day with pick and shovel, 
throwing up works as a protection for the boys in case the enemy might 
attack us again. 

Oct. 31. We started, this morning about i o'clock, for Edward's 
Ferry, two miles from Chattanooga and four miles from the troops ; we 
arrived about sunrise and went to work building a wharl for the steamer 
to land at and pile freight. 

Nov. I . Have been at work hard all day ; two steamers liave anived 
with rations for the boys, and the pontoons will be laid across the river 
at short notice. 

Nov. 2. All is going on lovely and in our favor. 

Nov. 3. I have been hard at v.-ork all day, and am some tired ; have 
seated myself and by the aid of a piece of candle I have written a letter 
home ; have just received five, bearing dates of Sept. 21st and 28th, Oct. 
5th, 1 2th and 19th. 

Nov. 4-5. All has been quiet for two days ; our pickets are very 
close to the enemy, and it will not be surprising to me if a fight takes 
place any moment. 

Nov. 6. The climate of Tennessee is beautiful ; the nights are some- 
what cool, but comfortable, the trees are green, and to-day is just like 
summer. We are having our rainy season. I am better pleased with 
this part of the country than I was with Virginia. 

Nov. 7. I paid a visit to the hill that the 33d Mass. and 73d Ohio 
now hold, though they paid dearly for it. I can look over at Chattanoo- 
ga, a distance of two miles, and as far as the eye can see the ground is 
covered with tents, and all of them are occupied by the boys in blue. 
Opposite the hill is Lookout mountain, and upon its extreme end pro- 
jects a high cliff or rock, and upon this rock is the rebel gun, which 
belches forth its murderous fire at our boys who lay in their rifle-pits be- 
low. With all of their "barking," they have done us no harm as yet. 
They shell our trains occasionally, but as they cannot range their guns 
low enough, we can laugh at them for their tbolishness. 

Nov. 8. I am now at Kelly's Ferry, close beside the Tennessee river. 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 5 I 

four miles from Lookout mountain and al)out tlie same from ("hattanoo- 
ga ; we have two steamboats running all the time, bringing supplies to 
our army. Two weeks ago, to-day, the rebels held this place, but 
^'Fighting Joe" made them skedaddle. 

Nov. 9. I expect the coming struggle will be a hard one, but wo 
know our strength, and if everything turns out as we expect, the ''Con- 
federacy of America," as Jeff Davis calls it, will go down in confusion 
and despair, to their bitter discontent. I trust the "God of battles" will 
give us the victory over our enemies ; we are confident of success. It 
is our country that calls and its sons are fighting, so we will both nobly 
and boldly strike for freedom ; we will show to other nations that we 
love our banner : it is an emblem of the free. We have those at home 
who weep and those whose hearts are sad, those who breathe forth sighs, 
but not in vain, for when peace and happiness crowns our toils and hard- 
ships which we are now undergoing, if spared, what a happy meeting it 
will be ! 

Nov. 10. It is a beautiful day ; the sun is shining clear and lovely ; 
it is just like a summer day down here in old Tennessee. We are just 
on the eve of another battle ; everything looks encouraging and we hope 
for a glorious victory. 

Nov. II. I am still at Kelly's Ferry waiting for orders. We hear 
that INIeade is doing well, and also Burnside, and as for Hooker, we 
know that he has done well ; the boys all like him and we place con- 
fidence in liim. Rosecrans has been removed, and Grant, the "Hero of 
Vicksburg," has taken his place ; I think it for a good purpose. We all 
seem to be well satisfied, so if we do our duty as soldiers, the confedera- 
cy will go down. Then we can sing : 

"Down with the traitors, 

Up with tlie Stars, 
We'll rally roiuid the flag, boys. 

And shout the loud Huzzas." 

Nov. 12. It rains, to-day, and I cannot do much outside, but have 
worked some ; in good spirits and good courage. No battle yet, but 
look for one at any time. 

Nov. 13. And still it rains ; have quit work and come to quarters. I 
have not seen any of the 33d boys for several days. I have just finished 
my dinner, and for the benefit of all whom it may concern, I would 
like to have them know what a good dinner is. Recipe : ist — Take a 
quart dipper and put in one spoonful of coffee, one spoonful of sugar, 
fill to the brim with water ; put it on the fire and boil ; this is coffee. 



52 



RiaORL) Ol' THE SoD MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



2d — Take a frying-pan, cut three slices of fat pork, fry to a crisp. 30! — 
Take five "hard-tack," soak them in cold water ro minutes, place them 
in the pan with your pork, fry 10 minutes ; having done this, your din- 
ner is ready ; then sit down upon the ground, take your knife — your fin- 
gers will serve as a fork — then eat hearty. This is what may be called a 
good dinner and a cheap one, and this recipe should be carefully {)re- 
served. 

Now 14. It has cleared off beautifiil again ; the sun is out and shin- 
ing bright. All nature is lovely, but the leaves are falling from the trees, 
and as the cool breeze wafts through our camp, betokens autumn at 
hand. All is (juiet along the line. 

Nov. 15. Another beautiful day. Everything is quiet ; some prison- 
ers coming in ; a group of 65 have just marched aboard the boat for 
Washington : they are satisfied that the "Yanks" are too much for them. 

Nov. 16. I have labored hard all day; everything is quiet. The 
boys seem to be in good spirits ; there is fighting going on in the rear of 
Bragg's army. We can hear heavy cannonading, which indicates that 
something is being done. There seems to be a quiet time in the Army 
of the Potomac. A number of paymasters arrived to-day, on the boat 
to pay off the troops ; ours did not come, but we expect he will put in 
an appearance soon. Quite a number of families who have lived in 
"rebeldom" for the past two years and have entertained high hopes, and 
have a republic of their own, and thought it would be a nice thing to be- 
long to C S. A., with Jeff Davis for their leader, have lately come to the 
conclusion that their hopes are all blasted, that their homes are reduced 
to poverty, and they themselves are without houses or homes, and are 
now thrown upon the world without friends, and their children will 
eventually be as outcasts : such a scene I have witnessed, to-day, as 
some six families went on board of the boat to go North to find shelter 
and a home among strangers. ( /od pity them, was all I could say. 
The furniture that they had with them consisted of two or three chairs 
and one table ; some with only one blanket, and all the clothes that they 
were possessed of were upon their persons. What suffering I see from 
day to day, as I pass along through the South ! I visited a house where 
some soldiers (rebel) who were wounded were lying, and it was a sight 
to behold. I can only say, may God have mercy on those traitors who 
have caused so much misery, poverty and degradation. 

Nov. I 7. We left Edward's P'erry, to-day, and have returned to the 
valley once more. 

Nov. 18. We have been quite busy, to-day, building some log hous- 
es for our own comfort ; they are quite cozey. 



RECORD OF THF. 3;<i. MASS. VOIA'XTFER INFANTRY 



53 



Nov. 19. I received a letter trom home, and tlie (]uestion is asked 
''How do you spend your Sabbaths in the army?" I answer — having 
been in the service nearly i 7 months — I can remember of but four Sun- 
days that I have had the privilege of resting. We hardly know what a 
Sabbath is. All days are alike with us. I can remember the day of the 
week, but as a general rule, our heaviest marching and hardest fighting 
has been on Sunday, and the saying is, "'The l)etter day, the better 
deed." 

Nov. 20. Our regiment was paid off, yesterday, and the boys are 
feeling grand, to-day. Our good Colonel Underwood left for home, last 
week ; he thinks a great deal of the boys of the 33d, and T assure you 
that we think a good deal of him. 

Nov. 21-22. We have been busy the past two days in preparing for 
action ; something is in store for us, and we are ordered to be in readi- 
ness to march at a moment's notice. I am very comfortably seated up- 
on my knapsack before two or three burning embers, taking observa- 
tions. The first that meets my eye is the numerous throngs of soldiers 
that go to make up the Union army, and yet they are but few, compara- 
tively, when I view the army in general. They all seem to be in good 
spirits and ready for that duty which may be enforced upon them at any 
moment, in a cause which is both sacred and dear. The next that meets 
the eye is Lookout mountain, whose top attracts the attention of all eyes. 
Upon its summit is placed a huge monster in the shape of a cannon, 
which belches forth missiles of death and destruction to all who may 
happen in its way, and though it has tried hard to hurl shot and shell in- 
to our ranks, very few casualties have occurred. The rebel General 
Bragg seems to be its present owner, and his force — either large or small 
is entirely unknown to me — extends for several miles, covering a large 
tract of territory, including what is called "Missionary Ridge." Their 
encami^ment is quite plain to our view, and portends a large gathering, 
and they seem to be active on both left and right. It may result in a 
battle, as everything has a tendency that way. 

Nov. 23. It is now 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and our line of battle 
is formed ; the boys are marching to and fro, but everything seems fa- 
vorable for our side. 3 p. m. The peace is broken and the fighting has 
commenced. Fort Wood is speaking in tones of thunder at my right, 
hurling shot and shell upon the heads of the enemy and has a telling ef- 
fect. 5 o'clock, and hard fighting on the left ; we are doing bravely ; 
our forces advance slow and sure ; now darkness has overtaken us and 
firing has ceased. 9 o'clock. We Tpioneers) started to repair a bridge ; 



54 



RECORD OF THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



we returned at ii and lay down. At i o'clock we are aroused and go 
to the front, 

Nov. 24. Cloudy and misty. Skirmishing has commenced at our 
centre and grows more brisk as the day-dawn appears. Sharp skirmish- 
ing this forenoon, and we have succeeded in turning their left. A charge 
was made by the 73d Ohio and drove them from their pits, taking 13 
prisoners from a Mississippi regiment. In the meantime, and while this 
work goes on. Gen. Sherman arrives with a force just above our left, and 
forms a connection with the nth corps, and quiet prevails. Now the 
right has begun in good earnest. Joe Hooker is there and all is well, 
2 o'clock, and a charge is made, and from the mouths of Fort Negley 
and Woodrick's battery are speaking volleys, which make consternation 
and havoc among the "Rebs," and cause them to fall back ; they form 
and make another attempt, but in vain ; they break and rush from their 
hiding places, and our flag goes bravely up the mountain side and is 
planted upon Lookout. In a white house just under the brow of the 
mountain is "Joe's" headquarters, and cheer upon cheer is heard all 
along the line for "Fighting Joseph." The shades of night have come 
upon us and some fighting is still going on upon our left. 

Nov. 25. Fighting commenced. The enemy show themselves, but 
Sherman tlanks them upon the left, and Hooker has them on the right, 
while the centre is pressing them hard. They respond to our fire and 
gain but little. It looks as though a retreat was flivorable to their cause. 
We have met with the best of success up to this time. 1 2 o'clock, noon. 
We have captured 3000 prisoners, 30 pieces of artillery. Everything is 
lovely. 

Nov. 26. The "Rebs" are in full retreat and we are after them. 
They have burned all their commissary stores and the road is strewn 
with broken wagons and all kinds of debris. 

Nov. 27. They still keep on the run and we are close to their heels ; 
we press them so fast that I have not time to learn the names of the 
places which we pass through. 

Nov. 28. We started, this morning, and went as far as Red Clay Sta- 
tion, arriving just at sunrise, and then you ought to have seen the nth 
corps walk in. We tore up five miles of railroad, burning the ties, and 
twisting the rails in the form of a letter S. We burned all the public 
buildings. This was on the Knoxville and Atlanta raih-oad, where Long- 
street got his supplies, but we "Yanks" shortened the street for him. 
We returned back, to camp, arriving about 2 o'clock on the morning of 
the 29th, and lay down in an old corn-field , rested about three hours, 



RECORD OF THE 3?d MASS. VOLUNTEER IXFAXTRV. 55 

rose at 5, and marched to the top of a high hill, built our fires, cooked 
breakfast, and then went to work repairing the road for the troops ; we 
worked all day, ate some fried salt pork and "'hard-tack" for supper, 
then we worked all night, until sunrise of the morning of the 30th. We 
started to the assistance of Burnside, marched rapidly all day, as Bragg 
and Longstreet with a large force are marching on Knoxville. 

Dec. 1-2. Have been on the move both days, having had but little 
rest and only stopping long enough to eat our rations. 

Dec. 3. We have followed the railroad about all the way, passing 
through Cleveland, a shabby-looking place ; had no time to take notes. 
Our next place was Charleston ; here they had cut away the pontoons 
and partially destroyed the bridge. We followed so close to them that 
we captured five car loads of Hour and a quantity of salt and meal. We 
are living high and bake our own "hoe cake." We have worked all 
night and rebuilt the bridge that crosses the river. Our next place was 
Riceville — nothing worth mentioning here — then Athens. We entered 
this town, our band playing "The Star Spangled Banner." The women 
waved their handkerchiefs ; the sight of our army was a new birth to 
them. We halted for a short time and then proceeded on, passing 
through Midway, Sweetwater and Philadelphia, arriving at Loudon about 
sunrise, and came to a halt. We cannot go any further, as they have 
destroyed the pontoon bridge, also the railroad bridge that crosses the 
Tennessee river. We have gone into camp, pretty well beat out, but we 
are using them up. "Glory be to God." 

Dec. 4. Our tired army is ordered to rest ; said order is much ap- 
preciated by the "b'hoys." The scene at our rear is one of desolation, 
Bragg's army having burned the depot and heaped the meal and corn in 
huge piles, which they had set fire to, and the road is strewed with brok- 
en wagons, abandoned caissons and guns, carriages, pieces of pontoons 
and all manner of things, burning and broken. Such are the horrors of 
war. It was here that I congratulated myself on confiscating a pillow- 
case of flour. I carried it on my shoulder nearly two miles, when one 
of the battery boys offered to relieve me by carrying it to camp, and he 
did relieve me most eftectually, for I have never' seen it since. Our or- 
ders are to be in readiness to march in the morning. 

Dec. 5. We took up the line of march at an early hour, this morn- 
ing, and proceeded up the river about six miles. Here we found the 
river quite deep and the water freezing. A bridge had to be built and 
we had no tools except axes, spades and picks. We gathered all the 
wagons that we could find from the citizens, besides the unoccupied 



^6 RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER TNFA^TR^'. 

buildings of tlie place. We sank them in the river, about lo feet apart; 
upon these we laid plank, boards, fence rails, etc., and then made wood- 
en "bosses" and sank them for a quarter of a mile. We worked all 
night, until 3 o'clock in the morning, and at 5 o'clock all of our cavalry, 
artillery and infantry had crossed over in safety and were moving rapidly 
on to the assistance of Burnside, who must have aid, and have it in a 
few hours. It was on this occasion that myself and three other com- 
rades volunteered to sink those "bosses." It was a bitter cold night, 
snow on the ground, and the current was running at the rate of nine 
miles an hour. A rope was put under my arms and I was lowered into 
the water; could only stay about 10 minutes at a time, (stark naked at 
that) ; after being pulled out would run to a fire built of rails to be well 
rubbed, and then try the same over again. Three times in succession 
this was done, in order that our army could pass over, as all the bridges 
had been destroyed by Bragg's army and Longstreet's corps. 

Dec 6. We have marched all day, passing through Unitia and 
FriendsviUe, two small villages ; no time to take observations. 

Dec. 7. Up bright and early and on our way ; passed through the 
village of Lenoir ; saw one building having on its sign, "Post-office ;" 
the surface was level ; good marching, and we are moving on at a rapid 
rate. 

Dec. 8-9. Marched both days, passing through Woodsville and Con- 
cord, besides a number of other places that I did not learn the names of. 
The roads were villainous, but we pressed on through mire and wet, 
across brooks, until we arrived at Louisville at 8 o'clock in the evening, 
tired, hungry and completely worn out. I built a fire, spread my blan- 
kets under a tree and for the first time during my soldier's Hfe, I fell 
asleep without my supper. As the Ohio boys say, I was "done gone." 
We are within 12 miles of Knoxville. 

Dec. 10. Sunday morning. We are allowed a day to rest, and how 
glad I am ! We got news from Burnside that he gave Longstreet a 
sound thrashing and that our services were no longer wanted, and that 
we must return to our old quarters at Lookout valley once more. 
All things seem to progress finely. A word for Burnside. At the first 
call to arms, he entered the service as colonel of the First Rhode Island 
volunteers. In the battle of Bull Run he commanded a brigade ; for his 
courage and bravery he was made brigadier-general of volunteers and 
assisted McClellan in re-organizing the army. His great victory at New- 
bern raised him to a high place in the popular estimation, and soon af- 
ter was made major-general. Shordy aftex this he took up his position 



RECORD OF THE :y?,\> MASS. VOLUNTEER INKANI'RV. 



57 



at Fri'derickshurg, wIktc he remained iinlil the close of Poj^e's cam- 
paign. The invasion of Maryland by Lee brought Burnside again into 
the field. He took part in the battle of South Mountain, and in the 
great decisi\e fight that followed at Antietam, he was given command 
of the left wing, but failed in the movement assigned him. At all events, 
he seriously disappointed and offended "Little AL^c," who attributed the 
failure to utterly overthrow Lee to his persistent and repeated disobedi- 
ence of orders. Next we see him in command of the Army of the Po- 
tomac — a position that he was not fit for, though it was forced upon 
him. His first rash act was to ])ush liis army up the heights of Freder- 
icksburg. It could be hardly called a battle ; it was a frightful massacre, 
for our boys stood and were shot down like bullocks in the field. Our 
loss was 20,000, and not a foot of ground was gained. Many brave of- 
ficers and privates were thankful when night came and put an end to the 
useless slaughter. The next day was a gloomy Sabbath for the army, 
and on Monday night it marched into its encampment at Falmouth. 
His next attempt was to cross the Rap})ahannock, but before the move- 
ment was complete a heavy rain-storm set in and turned the country in- 
to a sea of mud, and it was abandoned. Mortified at his failures, he re- 
signed his command and Hooker took his place. Burnside's career has 
been a varied one. He is an able commander, notwithstanding the re- 
verses he has met with, and a noble man and a true patriot ; he will al- 
w^ays be a model soldier. His fine personal presence, his bold, open 
look, reveal the truth and integrity of his heart. Burnside, relieved 
from command, has resigned his commission and left tl.e army. 

Dec. II. Monday has come and our orders are to "about face" and 
march back to our old camp at Lookout valley. 

Dec. 12, through 17th. All of these days have been spent in easy 
marching, and we have passed through all the places which I have pre- 
viously mentioned, as we came back over the same ronte. 

Dec. 18. We arrived back to the valley about noon, to-day. nearly 
four weeks since we left it, and a more dirty, ragged, tired, hungry-look- 
ing set of men you never saw. All appear to be in good health and 
spirits. 

Dec. 19. I still live, but am (juite tired. I am resting from my la- 
bors, to-day. We have given the "Rebs" as good a thrashing as they 
ever got, and I hope that it may bring peace soon. The 33d is all right ; 
only two wounded during the whole time of leaving the valley until their 
return. 
8 



q8 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

Dec. 20. I have been at work all day building a log house ; with the 
help of my comrade, William Marshall, from the 73d Ohio, we have 
built one eight feet long, six feet wide ; a nice fire-place and a good bed, 
and here we sit as cosey and happy as you please, hoping that we have 
fought our last battle and that this rebellion will soon be over, and we 
have a speedy and a safe return to our happy homes and mingle with 
those we love and from whom we have been parted so long. 

Dec 21, through 24th. I have not done much for the past few days. 
I have been thinking of our last campaign and what we accomplished in 
the space of four weeks for our country and its cause ; and having done 
our duty, we have a reason to rejoice over a victory that belongs to us. 
We have borne the fatigue without a murmur, we have travelled 250 
miles and fought the enemy one-half of the time, have bivouacked upon 
the ground, endured both storm and sunshine, and we are still in good 
spirits. We had a plenty to eat, for we captured any quantity of Bragg's 
supplies, such as flour, corn, meal and salt. We would now and then 
confiscate a hen or a chicken, which was a rarity. I must pause, for I 
have just been detailed to go to Howard's headquarters to build a stable 
for the ofticers' horses. Our time is pretty well occupied, both in camp 
and on the march. 

Dec. 25. A Merry Christmas, and I have been at work all day at 
Howard's headquarters. 

Dec. 26, through 31st. I have been very busy at headquarters all the 
week, making our officers comfortable for the winter. This being the 
last week of the old year, they make it quite lively for us pioneers. 

Jan. I. To-day is the first of another New Year, and with a stout 
heart, buoyed up by past success, I am ready for a struggle with 1864. 
I now realize that the wheels of time have swept another twelve months 
into the tomb of the dim and shadowy past. The year of 1863, to few, 
was a bright and joyous one, but to the many, alas ! how sad the re- 
verse ; how many of their sweetest, proudest hopes bloomed into life, 
but they have withered in the shade of unrequited ambition. How 
many family circles have been robbed of a near and dear relative by 
the bloody hand of this fratricidal war ; brave young men, idols of happy 
homes and the pride of their country and its cause ; but may we who 
are alive be thankful to the God of battles, "who doeth all things well,'' 
and may this year bring joys that will soon blot from our memory the 
sorrow and disappointments of 1863. God grant that this may be the 
last year that will find millions of this country arrayed against each other 
in the bloody conflict of a'civil war, but that peace, the greatest of all 



RECORD OF THE 33r) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXFAXTRV. 



59 



blessings, will be restored to the land of our birth, and that all of our 
gallant soldiers non- in the tented field may have a safe return to the bo- 
som of their fiimilies and friends, in the full enjoyment of good health 
and happiness of home. What the coming twelve months may develop 
is not for me to say, but I ask for an ensuing and a lasting peace that 
will result in happiness and prosperity, and I wait with all patience and 
do whatever my duty calls upon me to do ; but I am afraid that my 
three years will be pretty well spent in "Uncle Samuel's" service, and if 
so, I will be content, and 

"When tliis cruel war is over 

And I get liome again, 
I will never roam so far from home, 

To carry a ijun aj,'ain." 

I was over to the regiment, found the boys all well. I copy the fol- 
lowing from an extract in the Richmond Enquirer. It says in regard to 
our fight with Bragg that "he is not to blame for running, for God never 
intended to give him that knowledge that belongs to other men." 
Well done, Enquirer, what would you have said had Bragg made us run ? 
It is down on "poor Jeff" for keeping Bragg in command so long, but 
he is out now and Hardee is trying to collect the remnant of his army 
that is left. Our weather is cool and it feels quite winterish, and the cli- 
mate agrees with me first-rate. 

To A. J. B., FRO.M HOME: 

"I am listening for your footsteps 

Coming quick aud light, 
I can see your sweet and loving smilesv 

Beaming pure and bright. 
From the distant field of battle 

You will welcome be, 
For the war is nearly over, 

And I again your face shall see." 

Lizzie. 

The future is unknown to me, but to judge from the past. I know- 
that we have gained the summit of the mountain and made our descent 
into the valley below, and if I judge the present by what we have expe- 
rienced in the past, it is a surety upon which rests a good hold. A de- 
feat has befallen our enemies, while we have been crowned with success. 
The "Star of Hope" still beams bright to cheer us on our way with more 
courage than before. Lookout mountain, a few weeks ago, bade us de- 
. fiance, and from its top would be hurled shot and shell into our ranks, 
but to-day it is ours, and over it floats the "Stars and Stripes," and all 
is calm and serene. It is Sabbath afternoon ; raining down in torrents. 
I am snugly seated in my tent, with a good fire, and am as happy as my 



6o KtCOKD or THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 

circumstances will admit. My knapsack serves me for a writing desk by 
day, as vvell as a pillow at night. 

Jan. II. It is night — time lo o'clock — and I am trying to write a let- 
ter. My lamp is a tin plate, filled with pork fat, and a piece of cotton 
for a wick. Now will you pity the sorrows of a "poor old soldier" and 
wonder how it is that we get up such inventions as we do down here in 
Dixie ? Well, I have learned how to live within my means, hoping that 
it may be beneficial to me when I leave the army. 

Jan. 13. We are now fixing up our quarters for the vvsnler, and we 
pioneers are having busy times, but we shall soon get done, and then it 
will be easy for a while. I was over to the regiment, this evening > 
found the boys well. 

Jan. 14, through 20th. All quiet in the Amiy of the Cumberland 
Have done but very little the few days past ; we are getting rested for 
the next campaign. I have got good winter quarters ; am all alone, as 
my partner has gone home on a furlough for 30 days ; he has re-enlisted 
for another term of three yeare. Well, all may re-enlist who wish to, but 
as for me, I will put in the remainder of my time. Providence permit- 
ting ; when 1 have done that it will be enough for rae. I will take home 
for my choice and let others take their turn, but by the time that I have 
served 18 months nmre, I guess that the C. S. A. will have gone up the 
"spout." 

Jan. 21, through 24th. We are having lovely weather, perfect spring 
days, warm and nice ; the nights are cool ; we have had considerable 
rain and only one snow stoam. It is some muddy, but take it all in all, 
it is equal to our fall weather at home. To-day the birds are singing 
their melodious strains as they would in May ; such is our weather in 
Lookout valley, Tennessee. 

■" 'Tis said that absence coinjuers love. 

But, oh, believe it not. 
In vain, I never can foget, 

And would not be forgot." 

The above was penned on receiving a letter from home. 

Jan. 25, through 31st. All these days have glided swiftly by, and are 
only play-days to us ; but after a good rest of a few weeks, then will 
come the "tug of war." 

Feb. I. The weather has changed; it is raining to-day. Received 3 
call from Buckley. 

Ff:B. 2. The weather is beautiful to-day. We have but little to do in 
the shape of work, so we can recruit up for the spring campaign. 



RECORD OF THE 38i) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXEAXTRV. 6 I 

Feb. 3-4-5-6. We have had quite a smart rain, but our weather has 
been quite warm and beautiful. I have a good fire to sit by and good 
comfortable quarters, and a plenty to eat and drink. Our band has gone 
home on a furlough. I see that our good Colonel Underwood is getting 
well and has got a commission as brigadier. All is (|uiet in the Army of 
the Cumberland, yet our generals are busy watching the movements of 
the enemy, for they will try their best this coming spring, but the boys 
will. meet them without a doubt. 

Feb. 7, through 14th. My time for the most of these days has been 
spent in building a bakery ; we have got it finished and now we are en- 
joying the loaf of "soft bread ;" hurrah ! We were paid, to-ilay, (the 
14th) for two months. VVe have received marching orders; we may go, 
and may not, nothing certain. 

Feb. 15-19. Confined to my quarters with a bad cold. I am expect- 
ing a box from home ; it has been on the way for some little time ; I 
ho])e it may come soon. 

Feb. 17, to 23d. We have had charming weather for the month of 
February thus far, and to-day the sun is pouring forth its rays and all na- 
ture is lovely. We have just been informed that Morgan is within five 
miles of Bridgeport with a force of cavalry and artillery, for the purpose 
of destroying the bridge that crosses the Tennessee river, hoping that he 
may cut off our communication with Nashville ; but I think "fohn" is 
running quite a risk, if such be the case, in making the attempt. We 
Yankees are not asleep ; from Nashvaille to Knoxville our bayonets glis- 
ten and our boys know how to use them. The 12th corps is moving in 
the direction of Morgan, between Stevenson and Bridgeport, and the 3d 
division of the nth corps has moved in that direction, and this morning 
at sunrise the 33d Massachusetts started to see how the farce will be 
played and help trap "John" if they can. They will be most happy to 
do it. They have already immortalized their name and stand high on 
the roll of honor, and are not forgotten by our friends and loved ones at 
home. All hail the 33d Massachusetts. I think it one of the highest 
honors in the world to be one of the number that compose it. It has 
never flinched from duty, it has always acted well its part, bravely and 
nobly, and I trust it always may. When we left Massachusetts we num- 
bered 1 184 officers and jjrivates, good, stout and able bodied men. 
Wherever we have marched, or wherever we have been, we have always 
met with a cordial welcome from other troops in the field, and, to-day, 
with about 500 men able for duty, (^uite a difference when compared 



62 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

with 19 months ago. All of these have not been killed in battle ; some 
have died from disease, some have, through fatigue and exposure, been 
discharged and are at home. A goodly number are lying in hospitals, 
and some in the rebel prisons. We lost nine at Chancellorsville, 60 
killed and wounded at Gettysburg, and at Raccoon Ridge, Lookout val- 
ley, Oct. 29th, 1S63, killed and wounded loi. Our loss in battles has 
been but few, compared with other regiments, and I hope that in the re- 
maining 1 7 months we shall be blessed the same, but we know not the 
future, but trust in the God of battles. 

Feb. 24. Have been doing a job on the bakery ; it is now all com- 
pleted. We now have our "soft bread" four days in the week, "hard- 
tack" the other three days. Oh, how delicious ! I can only say : 

"The flesh may fail, the heart may faint, 

But why should we make one complaint, 

Or dare to plead 

In times like these?" 

My box has not arrived at Chattanooga as yet. Well, soldiering is 
getting to be a burden to me. I have got enough of it. I cannot think 
of being a "Vet," but the remainder of my time, if spared, I will do my 
duty bravely, bear it nobly, and lay it down triumphantly ; so let me 
wait with hope for the long, sweet summer of victory. I am pretty well 
used up. 

Feb. 25. Everything seems to be active at the front. Longstreet is 
moving, Sherman is up and dressed. There is a movement going on, 
and before long we shall be notified to leave these cosey quarters and 
"get up and get." I think the "Rebs" will soon call it a gone case and 
will cave in. 

Feb. 26, through 29th. I am having easy times for the few days past, 
as our work is all done up, with the exception of now and then a day we 
have to work hard A little while to rest and we shall go into it in good 
earnest. 

March i. I went to Chattanooga, to-day, a distance of four miles, 
for a box that has been on the way a long time, and to my happy disap- 
pointment it had arrived safe and sound. It was a good-sized one, and 
with the assistance of one of my comrades we got back to camp about 
dark. 

March 2. Oh, what a delicious breakfast I have had, this morning ! 
"Hard-tack" was banished from my sight, and the thought of "salt- 
horse" was out of my mind altogether. Doughnuts were all the rage, a 
nice piece of cheese, with a little currant jelly, and a slice of "home- 
made" bread, washed down with a good dish of tea. Upon examining 



RECORD OF Tllb: 33i) MASS. VOLUNIKKR INrANTRV. G^ 

the box through, I find the following articles : one diary for 1864. which 
I will endeavor to keep filled with all that I can find interesting, one 
pocket-handkerchief — it comes just in time, for I have the ''sniffles" — 
one bottle of catsup, although I have not got behind much, two pairs of 
socks, (juite acceptable, one good pocket-knife, one paper of pins, one 
quire of paper, and envelopes, two jars of currant jelly, one can of \ne- 
serves ; all arrived in good order and were welcome, "you bet." 

March 3. I have enjoyed another good "square meal." 'i'he 33d is 
out on picket ; the boys are all well. I think we shall make a move be- 
fore long. 

March 4, to Sth. ll'-ive dune but little the past few days ; work a 
little now and then, just enough to keep our appetites good. 

March 9-10. Have been at work these two days (|uite hard, building 
a bridge down at VVahatchie, three miles from camp, between Chattanoo- 
ga and Bridgeport, not (nr from where deary was attacked by the "Rebs" 
on the 29th of October, 1863, a night that I shall never forget. 

March ii. The 73d and 55th Ohio Veterans have returned from 
their furlough, having re-enlisted for another term of three years. The 
33d regiment band has returned, having been home on a furlough of 35 
days. Jubb, Buckley and myself have concluded to take ours in about 
I 7 months, if we are fortunate enough to live as long. 

March 12, to 15th. I am resting, to-day ; our job at bridge-building 
is completed. I sit alone in ray tent, Jind as I look out upon Nature, 
clothed in all its loveliness, a thousand thoughts crowd my brain. I think 
of home, of wife, and of those who are thinking of me. The sweetest, 
best and dearest place is home, but \ must be content where my lot is 
cast. 

March 16. Well, I shall call to-day a cold, raw and disagreeable 
one : it requires a good fire to be any way comfortable, but I think it 
will not last long. I have been over to my regiment. Sergeant Parker 
of Co. E leaves, to-morrow morning, for home, on a furlough of 25 days, 
to recruit his health. We are liable to march at any time. Halleck is 
out of the way, the Lord be praised. Grant is at the helm ; we boys 
like him, and will .follow him wherever he may go. \Ve have any quan- 
tity of "Vets" returning to the field, and a goodly number of recruits 
coming to our army daily. The 33d has got a new chaplain ; his name 
is Cushman ; he takes the place of Foster, who left us and has gone to 
take command of a negro regiment. Cushman is a Methodist, and a 
fine man. He formerly preached in Lowell. 

March 17, 1864. "St. Patrick's Day in the morning." The band is 



64 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

playing the national air of Ireland. I remember a stanza in an old Scot- 
tish ballad ; notwithstanding its rude simplicity, I must quote it : 

"Little did my mother think, 
That day she cradled me, 
What land I was to travel in. 
Or what death I should die." 

March 18. We have received news, to-day, to the effect that Mor- 
gan did not make his appearance until day before yesterday in the vicin- 
ity of Murfreesboro and Nashville. He stopped our freight train and de- 
stroyed a portion of it, and it was the quickest operation that he ever 
performed, for our boys were after him with a sharp bayonet (not a 
stick), but he made good his escape. Just behind was the mail train 
with Gen. Grant, on his way from Nashville to Chattanooga. They 
stopped in time and took back track, a fortunate thing, for in 20 minutes 
or more. Grant and the mail would have been in the rebels' hands. 
How Jeff would have crowed if he had got the "Hero of Vicksburg" a 
prisoner, but he got disappointed. Things are all cleared away, our mail 
has arrived and Grant is with us once more. I have to smile, for I re- 
ceived by that mail a box of pills, and every time I take those pills I 
think of the narrow escape they had, and what would have been my loss 
would have been their gain. 

March 19. We are having a plenty of "soft bread" ; the "hard-tack" 
is laid aside until we march, and I cannot tell when that will be. Every- 
thing is quiet and lovely in the valley, to-day. 

March 20. As I look out from the door of my log house and view 
the surrounding country, I see before me the Tennessee river, and on 
the opposite side is a long chain of hills, or a solid ledge of rocks, called 
"Waldron's Ledge." At my right is a chain of hills which connect 
Lookout mountain. At my left is Raccoon Ridge. This, indeed, is a 
land worth fighting for. 

March 21. Another Sabbath has dawned upon me, and a beautiful 
one it is. Having long desired to pay a visit to the top of Lookout 
mountain, and as a favorable opportunity offered itself, I accordingly 
improved it. In company with three of my comrade.s — -Sergeant Camp- 
bell, William Marshall and Joseph Reynolds, all of "Veteran" notoriety, 
we left camp about 9 a. m., proceeded slow and sure, taking a good ob- 
servation of things as we went. We could not have chosen a better day, 
or one more lovely. The sun arose beautiful and clear. Passing through 
a ravine at the right of Raccoon hill — the place which reminds me of the 
events of that memorable night of Oct. 29th, 1863, we ascended anoth- 
er hill, upon which is a line of rifle-pits extending for miles parallel with 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. Gc^ 

the valley. We passed through a swampy, or marshy piece of low land, 
and came to the bridge which crosses the creek jjroperly called Lookout 
creek. It shapes its course in a sort of zigzag direction, running along 
the railroad for miles. At this bridge is a picket-post, and no one is al- 
lowed to pass without the countersign. Just below is a new bridge being 
constructed, and will be done in a short time. We crossed the railroad, 
and commenced climbing. We took a path that led us over rocks, stumps 
and fallen trees. It would make a horse laugh to see us ascend in some 
places ; it was like a toad getting out ot a well, as we would gain one 
step, we would fall back three : but perseverance accomplishes great 
tilings. About half way up the mountain we sat down to rest. Again 
we started, and succeeded in reaching a cleared spot upon which had 
been some Rebel camps ; then came clear footing, and it looked as 
though the axe had been used, for it was plain to see that it had once been 
under cultivation ; but, to-day, it was the scene of a far different nature ; 
things bore a different aspect ; where once grew the thrifty corn-stalk, 
could be seen the enemy's earthworks, thrown up for a protection 
against our assaults. A little farther up, and we descried the graves of 
some of our fallen heroes, gallant defenders of their- country. They are 
buried near the brow of the mountain ; no costly stone marks their 
grave, only a piece of plain board, with the initials of their names cut 
with a knife, or a pencil mark shows to the passer-by who they are and 
where they belong. But they have not died in vain. The blood of 
those fighting for freedom is never shed in vain. I copied the following 
names, as I found they belonged to the Army of the Potomac and were 
in the t 2th corps : 

Privatk George Kencler, Co. C, 40th Regt., Ohio Vols. 
Private Alexander White, Co. I, 94th Regt., Ohio Vols. 
Private J. Wentz, Co. A, 99th Regt., Ohio \ols. 
Pkuate Joel Long, 40th Regt., Ohio Vols. 
Private P. Westeali., 33d Regt., Ohio Vols. 

These are but few of the many comrades that have fallen, but they are 
not forgtten. The gallant, the brave and the chivalrous will sorrow for 
them. The nex-t that met our view was the "white house" near the sum- 
rait of the mountain, nearly in ruins. Probably the owner was a wealthy 
nabob and lived in splendor. This also will refresh our memory for 
time to come, for upon its top could be seen our glorious stars and 
stripes floating as they did on that memorable day of Nov. 24th, 1863, 
carrying the news of victory to our boys who so gallantly defended 
them. A well of excellent water marks the spot that was once both 
charming and delightful. Just above the well was another grave, marked 
9 



66 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

"A. White, 94th O. V." Leaving these scenes, we started for the top of 
the mountain, and then came the "tug of war," for it is chmbing in ear- 
nest, until we reached the point, and then for nearly 30 feet we ascend- 
ed ladders, which placed us upon its top, and once there, our task was 
done and we seated ourselves for a rest. In looking around, I was 
strongly reminded of the words of the poet : 

"C)n the mountain top appearing, 
Lo, the sacred herald stands.'' 

But to reverse it, allow me to say : 

"Lo, on the mountain top I stand 
And view the landscape o'er." 

P'irst that meets my eye is the once beautiful town pf Chattanooga, 
It once had a rich and enterprising set of people, but were led astray 
through mistaken ideas that Jeff Davis taught, which has caused devasta- 
tion and desolation to both place and people. It is now in our posses- 
sion, and a lively business is being carried on in the line of "salt-horse" 
and "hard-tack." At my left, in the valley below, is a scene that is 
grand — the encampment of the nth corps. It extends from Brown's 
ferry to Wahatchie, a distance of several miles. I will commence with 
the 2d division, as it occupies the right, and is under the guidance of 
Gen. Von Steinwehr. It comprises the following regiments, viz. : 73d 
and 55th Ohio V., 134th, 136th and 154th New York Vols., 33d New 
Jersey and 3q;d Mass. V., and a battery. The ist division, under Gen. 
Ward, is composed of Illinois, Kentucky and Ohio troops. Their en- 
campments looked fine in all respects, from the position that I occupied. 
Back of them is one vast range of hills. Next that comes to my view is 
the beautiful Tennessee river ; it presents an aspect of loveliness, as it 
winds itself in all shapes. Changing our position, we have a fine view of 
Missionary Ridge, comprising a chain of hills as far as the eye can reach. 
Then comes the battle-field of Chickamauga, well-known to all the boys, 
extending for a distance of several miles. Next is Moccasin Point, on 
which is a fort that did good service, as also did Fort Negley, of which 
mention has been made, both pretty sites. Fort Wood looks proud and 
defiant as ever. As I cast my eye in a southeast direction, I discover a 
high mountain called Pigeon Mountain. It embraces Tunnel hill ; Dal- 
ton is this side ; Ringgold is beyond. As we now pass on, we observe 
many rifle-pits and they extend as far as Missionary Ridge ; these served 
as a protection for the "Johnny Rebs ;" also a large fort is being con- 
structed one-half mile from the point of Lookout ; it has five fronts of an 
equal proportion. We now enter the town of Somerville, on the top of 
the mountain. I is a delightful place, once the resort of "Southern 



RECORD OF THE 33u MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 67 

Chivalry," where they spent their holidays during the summer. It con- 
tains about 50 houses, a large liotel and bowling saloon, also a place for 
cooling the parched tongue in time of thirst. It reminds me of what the 
Bible says of "the city that is set upon a hill, whose light cannot be hid," 
and this is only 2200 feet above the level of the sea. The buildings are 
after the old style of 50 years ago. From the top of this hotel, in a 
good clear day, you can see into six different States, viz. : Mississi[)pi, 
Tennessee, Georgia, Kent^ucky, Alabama and Virginia. As I strolled 
through the town, I could see nothing that would be of interest to re- 
late. It is occupied by our forces, and at the rear of the town is en- 
camped the 78th Pennsylvania regiment, who do all the guard duty and 
patrol that is required to be done. Hundreds throng the mountain dai- 
ly. We have a signal station on the mount, also a sutler's tent. Butter 
can be bought for the small sum of $1.50 per pound, an ounce of cheese 
for five cents and other things in proportion. I ask, "Who wouldn't be 
a soldier?" Now, having seen all that could be seen, we turned about 
and retraced our steps. We came off from the mountain by another 
route from that which we went, and after two or three short stops and 
beholding the beauties of nature, we arrived back to camp, having been 
absent six hours, a little wiser, pretty tired, quite hungry, but did not be- 
grudge ourselves the visit we made to Lookout mountain. 

March 22-23. For two days I have kept my quarters, not feeling 
very well. It has been quite cool. It is now snowing and a fire is quite 
comfortable. 

M.^RCH 24. Beautiful and clear, this morning ; the boys are having a 
nice time at snow-balling. Have been at work building a stable for the 
U. S. S. Commission ; feeling quite miserable. 

March 25. So sick, to-day, that I was excused from duty and re- 
ported to hospital. 

March 26, through 31st. In hospital all these days. This is my first 
sickness since my enlistment, and I lay it to the exposure of the night 
when 1 went into the river at Loudon, as I have not felt like myself 
since. 

Aprh. I . Feel some better, to-day. 

April 2-3. Up and dressed, but have not been out as yet. 

April 4. I have been over to the regiment ; found the boys all well 

Apru. 5. To-day I have reported back to the Pioneer company for 
duty. Was glad to get back. l)ut I must say iJial I received the best of 
care during my stay in hospital. 



68 KKCOKL) OF THE HSd MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

April 6. Most of the company have been at work, to-day, but I, be- 
ing a Httle more fortunate, the detail did not reach me. 

April 7, to 12th. Idle times with us now; not much to do. Our 
weather has been fine for the past few days. The scenery by which I 
am surrounded is beautiful, but it will be far better when we can behold 
the good old flag floating over the whole Southern domain, as well as 
from the top of Lookout, and that before long. 

April 13. The talk of to-day is that the nth and 12th corps are to 
be consolidated and to be commanded by Gen. Joseph Hooker. I have 
attended church for the first time in 20 months at the Christian Com- 
mission rooms. Another campaign is talked of. 

April 14. A.s the old saying is, we are still resting upon our "oars." 
The following lines I picked up in camp : 

"The hour is at hand, 

And the moment draws nigh. 
The dog-star of treason 

Grows dim in the sky. 

Now, men of the North, 

Will you join in the strife. 
For country, for Freedom, 

For honor, for life? 

Trust not the false herald 

That painted your shield, 
True honor, to-day. 

Must be sought on the field'" 

April 15. Well, how things do change. We are no longer of the 2d 
division, iith army corps, but the 3d division, 3d brigade. 20th army 
corps. 

April 16, to 20th. We have been quite busy at work, putting up 
headquarters for our new major-general ; his name is Butterfield. He 
takes the place of Steinwehr. The nth and 12th corps have become as 
one and we now wear the star. Our weather is mild ; we have had 
some rain, with high winds, but take it as a whole, it is beautiful weather 
thus far. Received a letter from home, and when asked the question 
about my returning home, I can only answer in the words of the poet : 

'•A little longer, yet a little longer. 
Shall violets bloom for thee, and sweet birds sing. 
And the tall branches, where the winds are blowing, 
Shall murmur the sweet words of my coming, 

A little longer, yet a little longer." 

April 2 1, to 25th. We have been hard at work at headquarters; 
have built eight log houses for the staff officers and one for the general 
himself ; have made nice gravel walks, also a cook-house for the darkies 



RECORD OF THK 33i. MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 69 

We are now at work on a building for the ofificers to dine in, and when 
this is completed our lal)ors as a Pioneer company will have to come to 
an end. 

April 26. We have been informed, this morning, by our sergeant 
that the pioneers are broken up and we are assigned a new business, 
viz. : Drivers of mules for the 3d division supply train. This is only a 
change from the "sublime to the ridiculous." 

April 27. Warm, pleasant and lovely. I am seated upon my wagon 
and hold the authority over six mules. ''Gee-he up and whoa." Every- 
thing is being got in readiness for a campaign and I think we shall make 
a move soon. A colored regiment marched up the valley, to-day, en 
route for the front ; they look well for darkies and appear intellectual ; 
they were officered by white men. 

April 28-29-30. The preparations for the grand movement have 
commenced, which I hope may end in the overthrow of the rebellion^ 
The Army of the Potomac is to move on Lee and Richmond, while the 
Army of the Cumberland is to go for Johnston and Atlanta. We are all 
ready and waiting for the word "March " 

May 1-2. We ha\e been all ready for two days, awaiting the signal to 
start. Arose at 5 a m., partook of a piece of "soft bread," drank a dish 
of coffee, hitched up my team and drove to headciuarters, passed inspec- 
tion and returned to camp ; took dinner, greased my wagon, and re- 
ceived marching orders ; proceeded to the corps commissary's and load- 
ed on 32 boxes of "hard-tack;" time 6 p. m. Now for a start over 
Lookout mountain. We arrived at its base, it being dark as "pitch," but 
on we went' and it was like climbing "Jacob's ladder ;" the road was 
rough and caused the mules to "scratch gravel," until we reached its 
top, a distance of 2400 feet, and then it was down grade for the same 
distance, and at 20 minutes past 1 1 we camped opposite Chattanooga, 
on the Ringgold road, took our supper and went to bed. 

May 3. All is well ; proceeded on our way, arriving at Rossville at 
10 A. M., halted and let the brigade pass. The boys were in good spirits 
and felt well. I took a good survey of this town and find that it con- 
sists of two log houses, one barn and the remnant of a hay-stack. It 
needs no comment. We then started on ; the roads were bad, but we 
reached our destination at sundown and halted for the night, just 16 
miles from Lookout valley. 

May 4. As I look around, this morning, I behold the old C-hicka- 
mauga battle-ground, where one of the hardest contested battles of the 
war was fought, and Rosecrans was obliged to take shelter in the fortifi- 



70 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



cations of Chattanooga, and we were on our way from Virginia to give 
him a helping hand, but were too late, for Longstreet got the start of us 
and flanked "Rosa's" army. But since then we have flogged him, and 
will again if he ever crosses our path. Grave after grave can be seen, 
and in some places hundreds are thrown in together, and only a stone, a 
board, or a fence rail marks the spot where our brave boys fell. We 
hitched up our teams and proceeded on as far as Gordon's mill, arriving 
at 4 P. M„ and are waiting for orders. The infantry is ahead, the first 
and third brigades. Everything is "hurly-burly," and I expect to hear 
the cry of "Hitch up" any moment. 

20 

3D Division Supply Train, ^ 

20TH Army Corps, The |star 

Encamped at Gordon's Mill, thatS'never 

Georgia, May 3D, 1S64. se5;ts. 

"^ 20 

We received marching orders, last night, and this morning at 8 o'clock 
we were all ready for a start, and I just said, "Get up, mule," and he got. 
We passed over good and bad roads, forded creeks and streams, up hill 
and down, for a distance of 10 miles or more. We passed over many 
plantations, once happy homes, but, to-day, they present a different as- 
pect ; nothing remains but a lone chimney and a few scattering shanties, 
with now and then a grave, where lies the body of some of our cavalry, 
who have met their death from the hands of a "bushwhacker." We 
went on until noon, arriving at Nickerjack's Gap— time i P. m. — and 
camped for the afternoon and night. 

May 5. Delivered my load at the commissary's and started for Ring- 
gold for another load. xA-s I had but little time allowed me to stop, I 
can give but a brief account. Ringgold has been once a thriving town, 
numbering some hundred houses, with a beautiful depot. A thriving 
business was carried on, as it was on the Chattanooga, Knoxville and At- 
lanta railroads, but, to-day, it is a mass of ruins; about 15 old, dilapida- 
ted buildings is all that remains, and they are occupied by our officers 
for headquarters. A meeting-house, court house and two stores is all 
that marks attention. The other buildings were destroyed during our 
campaign of last fall. On one of the stores the sign reads : 



rl§ WILLIAMS, GOSNELL & CO. %^ 



The other reads : 

3- 



'3- 



ANDERSON, BROTHER & CO. 

Variety Store. 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFAXTRV. 7 I 

Both stores, to-day, are filled with "hard-tack" for our boys who are 
now at the front. Our supplies come to us here from Chattanooga by 
railroad. About one-half of a mile from the town is Tunnel hill, upon 
which is our signal station. Just over the hill, in the valley below, we 
have an army of 52,000 brave boys, and they are bound to stick to the 
"wreck" until the last gun is fired. Our motto is, "Death to 'Rebs' and 
Traitors ; give us Liberty, Union and Freedom." Nothing but this will 
satisfy. This is noted down while I have been waiting. It has come 
my turn to load. I have got a load of salt. I arrived back to camp 
aljout IIP. M., took care of my team, ate supper. I made my bed on 
the top of six barrels of salt, the chimes of the barrels rubbing against my 
fibs. It was delightful, — just think of it ! 

May 6. On our taps at 5, took breakfast, hitched up our teams and 
started through the Gap, arriving at White Springs, alias Castle City, Ga. ; 
camped for the night. This village contains 25 houses, two tanneries, 
one saw and grist mill, and is in the same condition as Ringgold. Fight- 
ing Joseph and Kill-patrick are here. VVe are confronting Johnston's ar- 
my, which is commanded by Hood, Hardee and Polk, with quite a large 
cavalry force. They number 50,000 strong, and are in the vicinity of 
Dalton. 

May 7. Three p. m. No fighting yet ; we are following them pretty 
close, and they are falling back towards Resaca, and the prospect is that 
they will give battle at that place. We have been in harness all day, 
awaiting orders. Night has overtaken us once more and we lay down 
for a short nap. 

May 8. On my taps at 3 o'clock, this morning ; started at 6, arri\ed 
at a place which I shall call Desolation, eight miles from Ringgold. It 
has once been a thriving place, but there only remains a few shanties, 
the occupants all gone, a few plantations which serve the army as a 
camping ground ; a range of mountains on my right, dense woods at my 
]eft, hills at my back, at my front is cleared land. Our train is well 
guarded, and is secluded from the enemy. The 3d division has gone on 
over the mountain. Success to them ; they will probably meet the ene- 
my by to-morrow. Camped for the night. 

May 9. Up at sunrise, took care of my team ; thought it would be a 
day of rest, but was disappointed, for marching orders came, and the ar- 
my is moving. Gen. Thomas is moving in the direction of Resaca. 
McPherson is on his way through Snake Creek Gap and following the 
line of railroad. We started at sunset to climb the mountain Nicojack. 
A harder road I never travelled, nor a more dangerous one. We trav- 



72 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. V(^LUNTEER INFANTRY. 



elled all night and arrived at Buzzard's Roost at ; o'clock on the morn- 
ing of 

May 10. Here we fed and watered our teams. I lay down and slept 
until 2 p. M, ; feel refreshed. Cannonading has commenced within a 
short distance from us, and it looks as though there would be a battle 
soon. We are in camp awaiting orders ; expect to leave soon. It is 
nearly all woods around here ; no buildings, only a saw-mill. Hard 
fighting is going on at Tunnel hill. No particulars of the fight, only our 
brave boys are doing their duty. No mail will go out for lo days. It is 
busy times with us ; thus far all goes on bravely. I eat, drink and sleep 
just as I can catch it, and, much more, I have to steal the time to write ; 
as soon as I arrive at a place, I out with my pencil and paper, scratch 
down an account of my doings as speedily as possible. I do not lack 
for company down here in Dixie, such as horses, cattle, wild hogs, dogs, 
sheep, birds of all kinds, butterflies, beetles, worms, rattlesnakes and oth- 
er objects too numerous to mention. I am entirely surrounded by 
mountains, and this is the way we have to fight the "Rebs," by climbing 
hills, ridges, and through gaps. It is thus we move by circuitous routes 
with our train, struggling along by-ways and wood roads, hugging closely 
the rear of our army while they push forward with rapid pace. We have 
not done much hard fighting as yet, only a little skirmish now and then, 
but the ball will begin to roll shortly, and when "Yanks" meet "Rebs," 
then comes the "tug of war." We are often asked the question, "What 
made you'ns come down here to fight we'uns for?" 

May II. We have just hitched up our teams and shall start for Snake 
Creek Gap, a distance of 14 miles. We had a severe shower, last even- 
ing, accompanied with heavy thunder and sharp lightning. 

May 12. This morning finds me alive and well, nearly through the 
Gap, still awaiting orders. I have been in the saddle from yesterday 
noon until i o'clock, to-day. We passed through the town of Villanaw, 
comprising one or two log houses, one store, meeting-house and black- 
smith shop ; the occupants were only women, the men all off in the ar- 
my ; no sustenance of life except a little corn. Such is the fate of Geor- 
gia ; had it been true and loyal to the Union, it would have presented a 
different aspect than what it does, to-day. I gave a little boy one "hard- 
tack" and he took it gladly. 

May 13. In camp; feeling well; weather is fine; our troops are 
passing to the front ; the work goes bravely on. We advanced our train 
about 5 p. M. Our division leads the way ; has captured some prisoners 
and taken the first line of rebel works. The 15th and i6th corps have 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 73 

captured a portion of the railroad, thereby cutting off their communica- 
tion. The 4th corps has entered Dalton and it is now in our posses.sion. 
So far, so good. 

May 14. It is Saturday morning and we are in camj) at the Gap, 
fronting the enemy. My team is all ready for a start ; we are constantly 
on the move, which keeps us (juite busy, and gives us enough to do, but 
I take down every item of importance, as I go marching along. Kilpat- 
rick made a raid, yesterday, upon some '"Rebs," cai)tured a number of 
prisoners and a drove of beef cattle. Our weather is cool, but pleasant, 
and our nights down here in Georgia are similar to those of Massachu- 
setts. It is now afternoon ; fighting has commenced in good earnest. 
Our teams are all ready to move at a moment's notice, and we are lis- 
tening to the booming of the cannon, hoping that victory may be on our 
side. 

May 15. A pleasant day for Sunday. The liooming of cannon can 
be heard at our front, just five miles. Heavy fighting is still going on. 
We have carried one of the enemy's strongest positions and they are fall- 
ing back. Our noble Kilpatrick is wounded just in the moment of vic- 
tory, a bullet entering his groin and passing out of the hip ; but the work 
goes bravely on. Perhaps a few words in his behalf would not be amiss. 
Gen. Kilpatrick was born in New Jersey ; his father was a farmer and 
gave him the advantage of an early education. Though he is small, he 
is plucky, resolute and fearless, and shows some of the finest qualities 
that go to make up a soldier. His daring career in the Army of the Po- 
tomac for two years spread terror throughout the State (Virginia), for 
both he and his bold riders were looked upon as ubiquitous. His suc- 
cess as a cavalry leader pointed him out as one fitted to command on a 
wider field, and he was sent to co-operate with Gen. Sherman against 
Atlanta. He has led our advance, protected the flanks up to within a 
mile of Resaca, and in the moment of victory they have carried him 
bleeding and fiinting to the rear. 

May 16. Twenty-seven years old, to-day. We are ordered to move 
forward. We hitched up about noon and proceeded for the town of 
Resaca, arriving at sunset ; camped for the night. The "Rel)s" are in 
full retreat, and our boys are after them. 

May 17. At Resaca, near Sherman's headquarters, all ready for a 
start. Having a kw minutes to spare, I took a stroll over the battle- 
ground. It is strewn with dead bodies. Here was one of the enemy's 
strongest positions. The 20th corps carried it by assault, last night, tak- 
10 



74 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

ing nearly looo prisoners and eight guns. Our loss was heavy. The 
33d lost about So killed and wounded. Lieut. Henry J. Parker of my 
company was killed, Sergt. Dixon slightly wounded. Among the killed 
was Corporal Andrew J. Cobb of Co. D. He was born in Roxbury, 
Mass., and enlisted at Lowell, Aug. 5th, 1862; was killed at Resaca, 
Ga., May 15th, 1864. He was beloved by the regiment, and we mourn 
his loss. Just previous to the fight, he wrote a letter to his wife and con- 
cluded with these words : "If I fall, I die for the love of my country and 
the liberty of my children, and fill a soldier's grave." Comrade Samuel 
Ewing of Co. F received wounds from which he died June ist. I can 
pay no more fitting tribute to his memory than by copying the following 
extract written in a letter to his mother by his captain, D. M. Prescott. 
He says : "I honor the true patriot who is willing to do his duty at a 
time like this. While you mourn the loss of a son dear to you, we 
mourn the loss of a comrade and a true and faithful soldier. Yes, Sam- 
uel was a good soldier and always did his duty, and I assure you, we 
sadly miss such men from our thinned ranks. He can have no richer 
tribute paid to his memory than to say, 'He died at his post.' He re- 
ceived his fatal wound while making a desperate assault upon the enemy 
with his comrades near Resaca, Ga., May 15th. He was not the boy to 
flinch in such a place, and only stopped when struck by the fatal bullet 
which caused his death." 

The following lines were composed by Comrade Ewing, who partici- 
pated in the glorious charge upon Longstreet's forces at Lookout valley, 
Tennessee, Oct. 29th, 1863 : 



The Gallant Charge of the Thirty-Third. 



"The night was dark, the hour was late, 

I might say that morning came; 

When I awoke from a sound sleep. 

Hearing some one call my name. 

The cannons boomed, the muskets roared, 

The colonel's voice I heard, 

The words he spoke I remember well, 

'Twas 'Fall in, Thirty-Third.' 



We packed our stuff, our knapsacks slung, 

And quickly took our place; 

The colonel's voice I heard again. 

His order was, 'Right face;' 

He took us out into the road. 

And then we marched quick time, 

But soon we came to Raccoon Hill 

And formed our battle-line. 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. >j ^ 

We advanced along the rugged hill, 
^ Our colonel at our head, 

Kut soon we came to a ravine 

That further progress stayed. 

On our left we heard a musket shot, 

And there a volley came, 

And then among our gallant hoys 

The bullets fell like rain. 

Our adjutant stepjied to the front, 
And cried out, 'Who are you?' 
JJut unti) him no answer came, 
And thick the bullets tlew. 
. 'Are you the Seventy -Third, up there.'" 
Our adjutant cried again; 
No answer; but they lired at him, 
And shot him through the brain. 

We then fell back into the road, 
And there our bayonets fixed; 
'Forward, my hoys,' our major cried, 
'We'll cure them of their tricks.' 
The men advanced on double-quick, 
And charged them with a will. 
And drove old Longstreet and his force. 
And took eld Raccoon Hill. 

Long live the Ohio Seventy-Third, 
Who helped us on that night, 
Likewise the gallant Fifty-Fifth, 
Who supported us through the fight. 
The ( >ne Hundred and Thirty-Sixth New York, 
They did their duty well; 
Of the I'hirty- Third Fll say no more, 
Her deeds let history tell. 

I cannot get to the regiment, for we are constantly on the move. 

Mav i8. Here I am, alive and well; drove mo.st all hist night, and it 
is go, go, go. The "Rebs" are nmning and our boys after them. We 
have halted at a place called "Sheeptown" — for it abounds with them — 
awaiting orders ; we shall follow close to the boys with "hard-tack," cof- 
fee, sugar and pork ; we have to move slow and sure, to avoid the ene- 
my's cavalry, but we are strongly guarded. It is now sunset, and we are 
in camp ; drove lo miles. 

M.AY 19. In camp at Sugar Loaf Valley, waiting for orders ; 20 miles 
from Rome. J. C. Davis's division captured this place, yesterday, with 
its forts, guns, mills and foimdries. All is quiet ; warm and pleasant. 

May 20. Travelled nearly all night, and am within five miles of 
Kingston. AVe have to take the roimd-about way with our train, over 
hills, through corn-fields and swamps. It requires the patience of ''Job" 
to drive six mules over such roads, but it is just as essential to keep the 
"hard-tack," sugar, coffee and pork in reach of the boys as it is to put 



76 RECORD OF THE 33i> MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

down the Rebellion. Our boys have entered Kingston, after sharp skir- 
mishing and heavy artillery fighting, and are now taking a rest. We 
have commenced the business in good earnest. We have got 20 days' 
provisions in our wagons, and we shall soon sweep grandly on towards 
Atlanta. More or less fighting is going on about all the time. I have 
not seen any of the boys of my regiment since I left "Buzzard's Roost," 
but presume that they are all well. Sherman is helping "Joe Johnston" 
to mix his cake, therefore we will be of good courage, for the country is. 
safe and victory is sure to be ours. 

May 21. In camp at Calhoun Station. Our teams are all hitched up 
and ready for a start ; time 7 a. m. ; proceeded for five miles ; passed 
through the town of Allatoona. Here I met Buckley. He informs me 
that the boys are all right, with the exception of Savage and Harrington ; 
they were slightly wounded. Buckley was minus of his hat, it having 
been shot clear off his head, and liOt a liair was touched. We proceed- 
ed on to Cassville, took dinner, then started for Cass Station, arriving 
about 9 p. M. ; took care of my team and went to bed. 

May 22. Ob my taps at sunrise, hitched up my team and returned 
back to Cassville; saw 175 rebel prisoners, this morning, on their way 
North. We are now loading up with rations ; expect to start on a tour 
of 20 days. The weather is fine and I am feeling well. 

May 23. Arose at 5, started at 7, travelled 10 miles, arriving just at 
dark, but no sleep, to-night, for me, for at 2 o'clock we crossed the 
Coosawatta river on pontoons and arrived at the town of Etowah about 
sunrise on the morning of 

May 24, Took breakfast and proceeded for eight miles ; took din- 
ner in a wheat field, then started on our way over the mountain about 2 
p. M. ; drove the remainder of the day and all night, until the morning of 

May 25, When we bivouacked and slept for three hours. Up again 
at daylight and proceeded within five miles of Dallas, arriving at 4 p. m. 
Hard fighting is going on ; the 20th corps is into it and lose many, but 
have won the victory. Johnston made a furious assault on our forces, 
but after a bloody and desperate struggle, was repulsed with the loss of 
some 3-000. 

May 26. In camp all day. Some hard fighting. 

May 27. Still in camp ; weather is fine. 

May 28. Have not moved yet. Our boys are stripped for the race, 
and subsist on what the country affords. Johnston has abandoned his 
strong position and fell back. 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 77 

May 29. Up at i o'clock, this morning, and went to the front ; took 
V load of wounded and started for Kingston, arriving on Sunday. 

May 30. Took to-day to rest, preparatory to our return for the front 
on the morrow. 

May 31. We are at Kingston and shall leave for the front immedi- 
ately. Everything is on the move, in the shape of infantry, cavalry and 
artillery. We expect the word "Forward" at any moment. 

June 1. We left Kingston about 11 a.m. We advanced slow and 
sure along every highway and by-way, until we came to a halt near Ken- 
esaw Mountain. This elevation stretches off to the northeast, while to 
the west stands Pine Mountain, and back of this Lost Mountain. These 
cover Marietta and the railroad back to the Chattahoochee river. I am 
pretty well used up ; have been constantly on the go day and night for a 
month or more, but, having a constitution like an ox, I am able to stand 
it. Thus for four days and nights we have wended our way amid ban- 
ners waving, long lines of bayonets glistening, and the stirring notes of 
the drum can be heard on all sides, which made it quite inspiring. We 
arrived at Lost mountain on the night of the 5th and went into camp, 
glad enough to have the privilege of one night's rest. 

June 6. Buckley came to see me, this morning ; he is well and in 
good spirits, but tells me that the regiment has seen hard times. Jubb is 
missing, supposed to be a prisoner, as he was last seen at Dallas (or 
Burnt Hickory). O'Neil, Owens and Harrington are slightly wounded. 
We are resting, to-day, and all is quiet in camp. 

June 7. Moved camp, advanced about five miles, within a short dis- 
tance of Marietta. All quiet. 

June 8. I started for Spottsville, a distance of 15 miles, for a load of 
provisions ; arrived late at night ; shall return back to the front, to-mor- 
row. 

June 9. I started, this morning, for the front ; the day is a fine one, 
and as I wend my way along I take my time and note down what I see 
by the way. I passed over some nice plantations ; the crops of corn 
were looking well, also the rye fields. I think that the people of Geor- 
gia concluded that the "Yanks" would not encroach on their rights, but, 
alas, it is too late, for to-day we are many miles in their midst and are 
still on the advance. I passed through the town of Allatoona. This was 
once a flourishing little town, located near the railroad, but like all the 
rest it is in a state of demoralization. On we went for a distance of 
three miles, arriving at the Coosattee river, crossed over on pontoons, it 



'J 8 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

being just dark, travelled two miles further, arriving at Cartersville at a 
late hour ; took supper and went to bed. 

June io. For some reason or other, we were obliged to stop here for 
two days, during which time I improved it by foraging. I got quite a 
quantity of corn for my mules, killed a hog, and, in fact, lived high. 
''Secesh" pork is good, especially that which we confiscate. This part 
of the country abounds with hens, hogs and darkies, very few whites, 
they having taken French leave upon the approach of our forces. 

June ii. Resting, to-day, and thankful for the privilege. 

June 12. We started, this morning, in a good old-fashioned rain- 
storm — oh, how it pours, — came very near washing me out of the saddle. 
I think I could get a barrel of water out of my boots, at least, I feel so. 
We came to the town of Ainsworth. This was another pretty town on 
the railroad, and I need not comment, for it may be classed with the 
rest. We proceeded on as far as the station and went into camp. 

June 13. We are resting, to-day; silence prevails at the front, but it 
will be of short duration. From his high perch on Kenesaw, Johnston 
looks down into Sherman's camps, on which he has directed his batte- 
ries to play, but the shot and shell go over the heads of our boys, as they 
lay close up against the base of the mountain. Thus far we have gained 
a decisive victory over the "Rebs" and the good-begun work goes brave- 
ly on. We have lost a goodly number of brave boys, yet we are in good 
spirits and feel highly encouraged. The 33d has suffered much, but no 
worse than many others, but it is composed of good fighting stock and is 
thought much of down here, as well as at home. It numbers about 300, 
all told. Two years ago, we boldly marched to the front with J184 
men. All are not dead ; some are at home, having been discharged, 
some have died before the regiment went into action, some are suffering 
from their wounds received while doing their duty, and others are pining 
away in rebel prisons. But the right will and must prevail. We are hav- 
ing considerable rainy weather, and, according to the signs, it bids fair 
to remain so for quite a while. 

June 14. The programme has changed. The 3d division supply 
train, which numbered 30 wagons, 180 mules and 60 men, has been re- 
duced to one-half, by order of war department, and consolidated with 
the 4th army corps, and I have been ordered to report back to my com- 
pany and regiment. Accordingly I packed up my "duds" and started, 
arriving about 1 1 o'clock. Was glad to meet the boys, after an absence 
of some months at detached service. I received a gun and 40 rounds 
of ammunition, drew three days' rations and was ready for action. Af 



RECORD OF THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



79 



ter dinner, the troops and artillery were assigned their positions, and ev- 
erything being in readiness, Sherman was determined to make a break 
through between Kenesaw and Pine mountain. The 20th corps ad- 
vanced two miles and lay close to the rebel works all night. The rebel 
general, Bishop Polk, was instantly killed by a cannon shot from our bat- 
tery. Their sharp-shooters kept up a brisk fire, as we lay upon all fours, 
expecting to wade in, but fortunately, we did not have to go. 

June 15. This morning, Pine mountain was found to be abandoned; 
our boys advanced, but discovered that the enemy had only fallen back 
to Lost mountain and skillfully constructed a long line of breastworks. 
We spent the day in building breastworks for our own safety and got 
shelled, but received no harm. 

June 16. We relieved the ist brigade of our division, last night. 
The "Rebs" retreated. McPherson and Thomas are shoving their left, 
and Schofield is giving them "fits," while Hooker is waiting for them to 
see stars, in case they come upon us. 

June 17, through 27th. Camp of the 33d Regt., Mass. Volunteer In- 
fantry, on the battle-field near Marietta, Georgia, 1864. Gen. Hood 
suddenly came upon part of Joe Hooker's corps in one of his headlong 
onsets, but such an awful fire met him that he crawled back in disorder 
and sought the cover of his works, minus of about 800 men. I received 
a letter from home and in it was a programme of the obsequies of Sergt. 
George Curtis of Chelmsford, who died at the Emery Hospital, Wash- 
ington, May 29th, from wounds received in the battle of the Wilderness, 
Virginia, May 18, 1864. Services were lield at the grove in West 
Chelmsford on Sunday, June 5th, at 2 p. m. 

ORDER OF S F. R V I C E S . 

1. Dirge. . . . . Dunstable Band. 

2. Reading of Scriptures. - - Rev. Mr. Morse. 

3. Prayer. . . . . Rev. B. F. Clark. 

4. Hymn. (Original.) Tune "Braden." - - Farrar. 

"The fall of Sumter called 

I<"or soldiers brave and strong, 
When boldly marched our hero brave 

To help avenge the wrong. 

He's perished in the strife, 

Let ail catch u)) the strain, 
And echo it with loving hearts 

On hill-lop and o'er plain. 



8o RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

As ye look on the l:)rave, 

In his last quiet sleep, i 

Weep tears of anguish, as ye gaze, — ■ 

'Tis manly, right, to weep. 

His form place gently down, 

Beneath the soft, green sod, 
And leave the hero in his rest, 

To the kind care of God." 

5. Address. .... Rev. Dr. Edson. 

6. HvMN. Tune "Pleyel's Hymn." - - Rev. Mr. Squiers. 

"Weep for him who bravely died 
For our flag, the Union's pride, 
Weep, but keep his memory pure, 
While our country's stars endure." 

;(t * * * * * * 

7. Prayer, 

8. Benediction. 

I read the programme with interest, and the occasion must have been 
solemn and impressive ; but how many good boys fall that the memory 
of them are only cherished by those who are near and dear to them. 
Comrade Curtis has done his duty, his trials are over and he found a 
hero's grave. Peace to his ashes. We keep advancing on the enemy 
and are pushing them hard ; we gain ground every day. To-day, the 
19th, we advanced our line of battle about three miles ; threw out a line 
of skirmishers and checked them, until we accomplished our object, then 
fell back into our works, where we remained all day the 20th. Some 
sharp skirmishing is going on upon our left, but the work goes bravely 
on. It has rained all day and we have hugged the ground, now dodging 
the bullets of the enemy as they zip over us and make us feel sort of 
"peculiar." I am wet through ; feel like a drowned rat ; am reminded 
of home and its comforts. Ackroyd and I tent together ; have not 
heard anything from Sergt. Jubb, but hope and trust that he is alive and 
well. We are to-day, the 21st, in our rifle-pits, confronting the "John- 
nies," near Kenesaw mountain. It is a lovely morning ; all Nature is 
lovely. I am seated upon the ground, just within grasping distance of 
my gun, in case I should be suddenly called upon. Skirmishing is go- 
ing on quite brisk. On the morning of the 2 2d, our brigade was called 
upon to charge a hill, in order that we could bring our right line of bat- 
tle in parallel with the left. At the sound of the bugle we slung knap- 
sacks, and at the word "Forward" we marched two miles and halted ; 
five men from each company were deployed as skirmishers. At the 
word, with one bound and a yell, we soon went over the ground and 
cleared them from their first line of pits. We charged them three times 



RECORD OK THE ?i'^\> ATASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 8 I 

in succession, (lri\ing them into their line of \vor]<s and liohhn.c,^ them in 
clieck until our object was accomplished. The loss in Co. K was Ral])h 
\V. Parker, killed. Corporal William C. Daily, killed, K. 1). r.attles, James 
Owens, Josiah S. Davis, 15enjamin Billings and Sergt. G. W. IJoyd, 
wounded. I escaj)ed with a slight scalp wound on top of the head. 
We held our position until 8 v. m., when we were relieved by the T4th 
army corps. I will now relate one incident which was (]uite amusing to 
those who witnessed it. When the bugle sounded for the regiment to 
fill! in, Ackroyd and myself were engageil in pre])aring our breakfast, 
which was a boiled pig's head that we picked up on the march the day 
]:)revious. As we had no time to eat it, he proposed to put it into a tin 
pail and strap it upon his knapsack, which was accordingly done. We 
then separated and I did not see him again until after our first charge, 
when he called out, "Boies, are you all right?" I answered "Yes," and 
he came up to where I was waiting, and such a sight ! It was good-bye, 
pig's head. The cover had come off the pail, the meat was lost, but the 
grease had run down his back, and though the bullets were whistling all 
around me, I forgot all danger for the moment, in laughing at his ludi- 
crous appearance. They charged the left of our works on the night of 
the 24th, but were handsomely repulsed with a heavy loss. They find 
that our metal is not very inviting. I have ruined my diary ; it is entire- 
ly ruined. I carried it in my side-pocket and have laid out in the rain 
until it is soaked through and through, so I have to commit my doings 
on slips of paper. Ackroyd is sitting by my side and seems to be quite 
happy. We are in our breastworks; it is Sunday morning, June 26th. 
We understand that orders have been issued for a grand assault, to-mor- 
row, by McPherson and Thomas, on the enemy's works. 

June 27. At the appointed hour, this morning, the signal was given, 
and these two divisons moved to the assault. Right up to rebel works 
they pressed and faced the deadly sleet of shot and shell which rained 
in one ceaseless torrent, but over the works they could not pass face to 
face, and in full view they fought with shouts and yells, with cannon and 
musketry making fearful havoc among our boys. But it was all in vain, 
for Harker, McCook and Rice, all gallant generals, fell, one after anoth- 
er, killed or wounded, and no foothold gained, and at last the recall was 
sounded, and our boys fell back, beaten for the first time. The enemy 
suffered comj)aratively but little, while our loss was nearly 3000 brave 
men. This was truly a sad day to our army as it gathered up its wound- 
ed and buried the dead, but such are the results of war. 

Jtnk 28. We are still in our breastworks, near Kenesaw mountain. 
I I 



82 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

We are fronting the enemy, this afternoon, but have received marching 
orders ; shall start to-night ; expect to cross the river, but I am not pos- 
itive. 

June 29. We are upon the move ; where we are going I know not ; 
it seems to be kept quite secret, but "Fighting Joe" is at the head. I 
feel^:)retty well, but it is work, work, work. This has been a long cam- 
paign thus far, and it is not finished yet. Our leaders are bound to 
strike a decisive blow and I hope such will be the case. 

June 30, I am in pretty good health, to-day. Our weather is quite 
warm and sultry. The "lice" came near pulling the shirt off me, last 
night ; it keeps me busy all of my spare time to keep them in their place, 
but such is life in war times, and if these vermin are a variety, they cer- 
tainly are a spice. They say that Grant is doing well, and as for William 
T., we know he is all right. Everything is lovely. I hold a position 
which is by no means a pleasant one ; it is built of logs, to protect my 
venerable body ; the gun and 40 rounds of cartridges are the only com- 
panions that I have to talk with, but with a full haversack of "hard-tack," 
sugar and coffee, I am ready for the emergency. 

July i. We are moving rapidly towards the Chattahoochee river. 
Johnston has evacuated his strong position. 

July 2. We have been hurrying with the utmost rapidity, hoping to 
catch the "Johnnies" before they cross the river, but their cavalry has 
impeded our progress, and they are now safely across. Thus far we 
have driven the rebels from Tunnel hill. Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Kings- 
ton, Allatoona and Kenesaw. They have fought on the defensive and 
we have beaten them every time. Stronghold after stronghold have they 
abandoned which they boasted was impregnable, and having been made 
to surrender them, they feel that it is humiliating. 

July 3. Our boys entered Marietta, to-day, just as the rebel cavalry 
was leaving it. It is awful hot. We are having a pretty rough time of 
it, but as we press on, success attends our arms. Our march thus far is 
a great surprise to the rebels. 

July 4. The Chattahoochee is ours (a river in Georgia) and one of 
the great objects of the campaign is secured, I have lain all day in line 
of battle in a corn-field, fronting the enemy. Ackroyd is on picket. 

July 5. Atlanta is only eight miles distant; we are camped on a 
ridge near the river. We can see its spires and domes from the tree- 
tops, and both officers and men climb to take a look at what is called 
the "Gate City." 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 83 

July 6. Sherman's army is composed of four corps, the T4lh, 15th, 
20lh and the i 7th. Our right wing is commanded by Howard, and Slo- 
cum has the left. The "Rebs" are quite stubborn and strongly dispute 
our passage of the river. 

July 7. Schofield's ])oys effected a lodgment on the opposite bank, 
last night, under the cover of darkness, and Johnston, on discovering 
this, ordered a retreat, and it being his last defensive position, has follen 
back to Atlanta. 

July 8, On picket all day, just 200 yards from the "Rebs." The 
river divides us. We are on friendly terms with each other ; it makes it 
quite pleasant for both sides, as we swap off our "hard-tack" and cofiee 
with them in exchange for tobacco, yet we keep our eyes "peeled," for 
the tune is liable to change any moment. 

July 9. A sudden stillness seems to pervade across the river; not a 
man to be seen, pickets all gone. News comes to us that the "Rebs" 
have retreated during the night, and that Sherman is marching his army 
over the river, and we are ordered to "fall in" and do likewise. 

July 10. We crossed the river, to-day. Thus far we have had splen- 
did success. We have taken a large number of prisoners and met with 
a comparatively small loss, and our boys are holding their own against a 
superior force. Jeff Davis has appointed Hood as Johnston's successor. 

July ii. The following order was issued, to-day, and was quite wel- 
come : "Since leaving the mountains the heat has been quite oppressive, 
and the men, wearied by a battle-field that stretched 135 miles or more, 
back to Chattanooga, need repose before entering upon the desperate 
conflict which is so close upon them, therefore it is expedient to give 
them a short rest." (Signed) "William T. Sherman." 

July 12. To-day has been the hottest that I ever experienced. The 
sky is without a cloud. Ali around me are white tents, and camp-fires 
not a few, while some are sitting in groui)s, talking and jesting, others are 
doing up their washing and mending, as we have no time to do those 
things while on the march. 

July 13. I have been on picket all day ; am surrounded on all sides 
by a dense forest. Wc are facing their main line of breastworks. We 
have made a treaty with the "Johnnies" not to fire at us if we do not at 
them. They promise that i{ "you'uns won't fire at wc'uns, we'uns won't 
fire at you'uns." 

July 14. Have just come off picket. Ackroyd has gone blackberry- 
ing ; says he will get enough for himself and me, so I will take a nap im- 
til he comes back. 



84 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRW 

July 15. Ackroyd returned, last evening, with two quarts of tlie finest 
berries that I ever saw, and we have had, to-day, an old-fashioned sit- 
down. Blackberry sauce, cucumbers sliced in vinegar, stewed beans 
and pork, and "hard-tack," of course. It was a treat, I tell you. Have 
just heard from Comrade James Owens, who was wounded at Kenesaw 
mountain. He is now at the U. S. General Hospital at Nashville, Tenn. 
He is doing nicely and his wound is not as bad as we feared. 

July 16. The rebels are getting desperate. They have removed 
Johnston and put Hood in his place, a man v/ho says he will fight the 
Yankees and put an end to retreating. "To go forward and fight," is 
his motto, and as Johnston would not advance. Hood is determined to 
give us battle. The following order to company commanders from 
headcjuarters means business : "Be ready to march at any moment. See 
that your men are amply supplied with ammunition." We have drawn 
two days' rations. 

July i 7. Arose at 5 and commenced packing up. At 8 o'clock the 
bugles sounded "Forward," and once more the refreshed army have ad- 
vanced and formed Une on the Peach Tree road near Atlanta. We (the 
33d) have gone into camp at Bull Calf station, three miles from the city. 

July 18-19. ^^^ have been busy these two days in swinging around 
upon the Augusta road, near Decatur, which hes to the east of Atlanta, 
and is situated at the junction of the two main railroads of Georgia. 
Here we destroyed one line of their communication which leads towards 
Richmond. In the meantime. Gen. Thomas got his boys across Peach 
Tree creek by bridges in front of the rebel intrenchme«ts. We have ac- 
complished all this amid the roar of cannon and the fire of musketry, 
which showed that every step forward must be gained at the price of 
blood. 

July 20-21-22-23. Often have I attempted to describe the scenes of 
the battle-field, but have failed for want of the knowledge to do so, but, 
to-day, it rises before my mind in all ils horrors; and such a sight to be- 
hold can never be described by pen. Last Wednesday, the 20th, was 
enacted one of the bloodiest scenes of the war. On Tuesday, the 19th, 
we advanced on Atlanta, and Sherman said it must be ours at all haz- 
ards. We crossed the Chattahoochee river about 1 1 a. m., and were 
formed on the left, as.we do our fighting by flanking mostly, and as one 
of the ladies of Georgia notoriety told one of our generals about our style 
of fighting, "You'uns don't fight we'uns fair ; you always come round on 
our eends" (ends). Our boys halted, a little skirmishing was kept up 
all of the afternoon and night, and during the forenoon of Wednesday. 



RECORD OF TIIK SSu MASS. VOLUXl'EER INFANTRY. 85 

About 1 P. M., Hood made a furious assault on Thomas while he was 
forming his lines. The "Reb" ofhcers told their men that if they suc- 
ceeded in breaking our lines, the "Yanks" were gone up, and that they 
must do it in order to save their cause, and they obeyed accordingly (so 
we were informed by their jjrisoners). They threw themselves in solid 
masses, wonderful to beliold, on our half-formed lines, struggling hope- 
lessly, madly, hour after hour, until we piled 5000 of their braves in 
heaps upon the field. Our I^oys stood firm as iron, letting them come 
within a few yards, then ])ouring into their ranks volleys which had a tell- 
ing effect. Still on they came, only to be mowed down by our artillery, 
which sent into their ranks grape and cannister, telling wonderfully. 
They broke, fell back, unable to form again. Oh ! the sight to behold, 
as they lay in heaps, here a company and there a regiment, just as they 
stood and took our awful fire. Our loss was a little over lyno. 

JuLV 24-25-26-27. The "Rebs" have abandoned their outer works 
and fell back to another position in a battered and bruised condition. 
We keep advancing, slow but sure. I begin to feel old. Two years of 
my service will soon em\, and I shall soon enter upon the third, but witli 
just as good spirits and courage as I have the two i)ast. But then, the 
wishing of this "cruel war" to end is constantly running through every 
mind, both at home and upon the tented field. Have not enough been 
slain? Has not enough mourning been spread through our land, and 
has it not visited every house from Maine to the Gulf of Mexico ? and 
yet the work of death, havoc and devastation still goes on. Such are the 
horrors of this cruel war. 

July 28. We are at Buck Head Station. All is progressing well. 
Hood has tried the same experiment on McPherson that he did on 
Thomas. Six times in succession did they come in maddened fury on 
our half-formed lines, but at last, exhausted, wasted and bleeding, they 
gave it up ; 3000 of our braves Lay dead on our front, while that of the 
enemy (as reported by Gen. Logan) was full 12,000. In the death of 
McPherson, we suffered a great loss, and when the news reached Gen. 
Grant, he exclaimed, "The country has lost one of its best soldiers and I 
have lost my best friend." As soon as his death was known throughout 
his army, it awakened a keen thirst for veageance and you could hear 
resounding from right to left, "McPlierson and Revenge." lie com- 
manded the 15th, i6th and 17th, three noble corps. 

"How sleep the brave, who sink to rest, 
Hy all their country's wishes blest." 

Peace to his ashes and a grateful moniunent to his memory. 



86 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

July 29. Hood has at last retired to his works. Our army is closing 
in and we shall soon begin the siege of Atlanta. We have ordered up 
some heavy guns from Chattanooga and shall soon commence to shell the 
city. All the surplus wagons and baggage not needed and the wounded 
were sent back to the intrenched position at the bridge, with the 20th 
corps to guard. 

July 30. The Army of the Tennessee has reached the railroad lead- 
ing off toward Mobile without loss, and have destroyed 1 2 miles of it, 
and the whole army are preparing for a move eastward toward the Ma- 
con road. 

July 31. Everything goes on like clock-work. Howard is on the 
right, Thomas in the centre, Schofield on the left. Howard has reached 
Jonesboro, southeast of Atlanta. Thomas is farther north, and Schofield 
is near "Rough and Ready," still closer to Atlanta. This is good and 
glorious news, as it reaches the 20th corps who lay camped seven miles 
north of the Chattahoochee, at a place called Tupulo. 

Aug. 1-2, Finds me alive and well. We have entered into the 
month of August ; the weather is fine, the nights cool, quite heavy dews 
and misty mornings, quite similar to our home weather, not healthy, by 
any means. The anniversary day of my two years is here, and had I un- 
dertaken to narrate all the incidents and marches connected with a sol- 
dier's life, what a volume it would fill. But suffice it to say, I hope, 
pray and trust that the next 1 2 months will favor me more than the past, 
but I will not murmur nor complain. We are engaged in a cause that is 
considered by all (loyal) true and righteous, for the protection of home, 
country and liberty. It seems that our cause is just, or else the tide 
would be against us. It was gloomy and discouraging the first year and 
especially when we were defeated at Fredericksburg. The "Rebs" were 
quite elated, and, buoyed up with high hopes, they still persisted in their 
evil designs. Next came Chancellorsville. We whipped them severely, 
but did not gain much territory. Then came the cry, "Maryland, Oh, 
my Maryland," and they went. Lee told his army (the youth and 
bloom of the Southern Corn-fed-er-a-cy) that they would only have to 
fight the raw militia of the North, and that in a few weeks everything 
would be under his control, and so forth and so on. Well, at Gettys- 
burg, which will be long remembered, they met the raw militia, which 
proved to be the brave boys of the Potomac, boys who had the bone 
and muscle, boys who had endured long marches and had just partook 
freely of Meade previous to the fray. The best part of his army found 
a grave in a Northern land ; tiie remnant that went back with him were 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 87 

well demoralized. The next that followed was the fall of Vicksburg, 
then Port Hudson, and from that time to this we have had victory 
perched upon our banners, and to-day we have Atlanta under our 
thumb, while Grant has Richmond in close quarters. I think, "Johnny 
Reb," that your case is hopeless. Echo answers, "Hopeless." 

.Aug. 3. I have been doing some writing for the company, to-day, 
making out the pay-rolls, descriptive lists, etc ; excused from all duty, 
except in case of necessity. 

Aug. 4. I am no longer a "private" in the rear rank, but corporal, 
promoted Aug. i, 1864, by order of Col. Ryder. Buckley is promoted 
to sergeant. Everything goes on lovely, but Atlanta is not ours as yet. 

Aug. 5. We are still guarding the train, and how long we shall remain 
with it I cannot tell. I am on duty nearly all of the time, and when off, 
I do writing for the company. Our weather is delightful, warm and sul- 
try at times, with freijuent showers, which are cool and refreshing. Ev- 
erything is progressing well at the front. 

Aug. 6. Prisoners keep coming in by dozens, which indicates that 
our boys are active, and we seem to be ignorant of what is going on 
south of the city. I think that the flite of Atlanta is settled, for the pris- 
oners tell us that, after all of their hard fighting, they will accomplish 
nothing, l)ut it will be the United States after all. Poor, unfortunate crea- 
tures ! 

Aug. 7, to 2 2d. Everything has been working well up to this present 
time, but popular favor is fickle. "Fighting Joe Hooker," who has long 
been a favorite of the boys, and was always hailed with unbounded de- 
light, has resigned. He thinks by having put his inferior in rank above 
him, after all his services, has done him a grievous wrong, and he will 
not submit to what he believes an injustice. He has resigned and gone 
home. "Bully for Joseph !" It is hard to blame him for this step. By 
the rules which govern military men, he could not do otherwise. His 
last great battle was on the 20th of July. It was a fair test of heroic val- 
or, a display of cool generalship and good courage, and a portion of 
Hood's army will remember it to their dying day. History says, "But 
this brave old corps (the 20th) stood entirely uncovered in the field, 
their firm granite formations their only defences, and never did its grand 
qualities shine out so resplendently as on this occasion." All hail to the 
hero of Lookout mountain. Major-General Henry W. Slocum has taken 
Hooker's place and is now conmiander of the 20th corps, and while the 
bold movement is going on around Atlanta, we are guarding the com- 
munications. We have left the <amp wliich we have occupied for sever- 



88 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

al days near Tupulo, and swung around to the right of Atlanta ; by so 
doing, we shall lengthen our lines and throw a good force across the 
Macon railroad in the rear of the city. Everything is across the river, 
excepting our wagon train, the sick and wounded in hospital and tlie 
33d is guarding them. The rest of our corps are fortifying ; we can see 
them busy at work from our camp. It is rather quiet and still, yet a 
fight is liable to take place any moment, and if they do attack us, 

"Conquer we must, when our cause it is just, 

And this be our motto, 'In God is our trust;' 
And the star spangled banner in triumph shall wave 
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave." 

We shall in all probability keep doing until we capture the city, unless 
we meet with a reverse, and we are not looking for anything of the kind. 
We do need rest, but if we can only succeed in driving the rebels out of 
existence, I will not complain. I have been on picket four times ; re- 
ceive some persecution from the mosquitoes ; they are regular night-kill- 
ers. I shall have to commence, to-morrow, on the pay-rolls ; this occu- 
pies about five days. 

Aug. 23, to 31st. Have been quite busy all these days on the pay- 
rolls and they are finished at last. We have cheering news once more 
from the front. Hood pitched into Thomas (the Rock of Chichamau- 
ga) with two corps, but was repulsed with a loss of 3000 men. We are 
having quite lively times and the day of Hood's departure from Atlanta 
is at hand. I went on picket, last night, came oft', to-night (Sunday) ; 
had a pleasant time ; had a fight with hornets, came off victorious and 
never got a sting. To-day I have made out the monthly report, giving 
an account of the number present for duty, the absent ones, wounded 
and sick in hospital, made out a descriptive list and mailed it, wrote a 
letter to one of our absent privates, by order of the lieutenant. We were 
mustered in for pay ; hope we shall receive it soon. Thus endeth all the 
doings for the month of August, 1864. 

Sept. i. Sherman had ordered all of his columns to report at Jones- 
boro, to-day, and according to orders everything was in readiness at the 
appointed time for a general assault, and the rebel position there was 
carried. A whole brigade with eight guns was captured, and 5000 killed 
and wounded were left on the field. 

Sept. 2. Yesterday's doings settled the fate of Atlanta, for last night 
they commenced to evacuate. All of the surplus ammunition was load- 
ed on cars and run out on the Augusta railroad and blown up. Six en- 
gines and nearlv too cars were gathered to<jether. set on fire, and 1000 



RECORD (»F THK ar.n MASS. VOIATNTEER INFANTRY. 89 

bales of cotton, which made the mithiight heavens glow. Lighted on his 
sorrowful way by such a sea of fire, Hood, with his demoralized ainiy, 
moved swiftly toward Macon. The 20lh corps camped seven miles 
north of the city, on the Chattahoochee ; heard the loud exi)losions and 
saw the heavens illuminated, and, suspecting that something was ui) more 
than usual. Gen. Slocum sent out a strong column about daybreak to re- 
connoitre. Atlanta was found to be deserted and he marched trium- 
phantly in and took possession. 

Sept. 3. The great city of Atlanta is ours ; it has follen by Yankee 
strategy, and with it all of its impregnable works ; it is all our own. The 
33d regiment marchetl inti) the city, to-day, with flying colors, the band 
played "Hail, Columbia" and the "Red, White and Blue." We marched 
through some of the principal streets and then reported at Major-Gener- 
al Slocum's headquarters, which are at the "Trout House." 

Sept. 4. Sherman's boys moved on, hoping to caich the retreating 
army of Hood. At a short distance beyond Jonesboro, they found him 
strongly entrenched, and they abandoned the pursuit, returned back to 
Atlanta. Here endeth the campaign. 

Sept. 5. The 2d Mass. regiment, with the 33d, will do the provost 
duty in the city, and we have already commenced, as we are now guard- 
ing a large lot of "Reb" prisoners. We are quartered in some old build- 
ings just at the edge of the city. 

Sept. 6. In the course of two or three days we expect to take up our 
abode within the city, and as we have done some hard marching and 
fighting, we shall be glad to rest, only interrupted by drill, reviews and 
dress parades, which are the regular duties of camp life. 

Sept. 7. The city is full of non-combatants, women and children in 
quantities, darkies not a few, dressed in white, with their faces painted 
black, and as they show their white ivory and roll up the white of their 
eyes, upon the approach of the boys in lilue, exclaim, "Bress de Lord, 
de Yanks are coming, yah, yah, yah," and clap their hands and run to 
and fro like so many wild people. It would make a horse laugh to see 
them. Well, the pen that was built for our prisoners is well filled with 
men of their own stamp and we are guarding them. One of the men 
told me, to-day, that he helped to build this pen for the Yankee invad- 
ers, but had got into it himself at last. Alas, poor "Reb," alas, Atlanta ! 
Sherman has immortalized his name ; it stands unrivalled in military his- 
tory. He has given all the cor]«, regiments and batteries permission to 
inscribe Atlantn on their colors. Three cheers for Willinm T. 
12 



9© RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

Sept. 8. All of the non-combatants have been ordered to leave the 
city, as it would be impossible to feed the destitute population which 
was left on our hands. By order of the President of the United States, a 
national salute was fired at every important point at the North, in honor 
of our great victory. 

Sept. 9-10. All quiet in camp. The boys seem to be in good spirits. 
Wheeler's cavalry has been raiding in our rear for a few weeks past and 
doing considerable damage. A force has been sent back to attend to 
his case. 

Sept. ii. It is Sabbath morning and a pleasant one, after a rain of 
four or five hours, which has laid the dust and makes everything look 
lovely and refreshing. The church bells are pealing forth their sweet 
sounds, summoning all to come and give their undivided attention, as 
Capt. Hinds used to say, to those who have been called to preach the 
Word. It is the first time since I left "sweet home" that everything re- 
sembles it so much as to-day. I am reminded of those happy scenes of 
by-gone days. Oh, that I could hear the sound of peace. But hark ! 
what voice is this ? methinks I hear ; 'tis the orderly sergeant's : "Co E, 
be ready to move at 9 o'clock." We accordingly packed up and 
marched into the city and took up our abode near the city hall. We ex- 
pect to do the provost duty in the city, assisted by the 2d Massachusetts 
regiment. 

Sept. 12, to 21st. We have been so busy for the past few days that I 
hardly know which way to turn. We are busy laying out streets, fixing 
up our quarters. My hands are full ; before me are five letters unan- 
swered, but I am good for the undertaking. Well, my house is done. 
Shall I describe it? It is built of boards eight feet by ten, with two win- 
dows, two bunks or beds. I have it furnished as follows : One table, 
two shelves, two guns, two canteens, two sets of equipments (one-half of 
these belong to my comrade, Ackroyd), four shelves, one tin pail, two 
dippers, one pepper box, one shoe brush, one candle-stick, with a few 
books and papers to pass away our lonesome moments, which are but 
few. Such is the house that Jack has built. It will do for a corporal, if 
not for a king. Well, I have written five letters and got them ready for 
the mail. George has just come off from guard. 

Sept. 22. I will now give a synopsis of our doings through the 
campaign, commencing May ist, 1S64, and ending Sept. 3d, 1864, as 
follows : Broke camp at Lookout valley, Tennessee, at 3 a. m. Our 
march was over mountains, through valleys and across rivers. It was 
done in a manner both remarkable and triumphant. We met, fought 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 



91 



and repulsed the enemy at all points when circumstances dcmnndod it — 
at Dalton, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, Cassville, Dallas (or lUirnt Hicko- 
ry), Pine Mountain, Kenesaw and Lost Mountain, stopping at the Chat- 
tahoochee river. ^\' e pursued the even tenor of our way and established 
our pickets upon its banks. All this was done without a blunder, and 
when more could be gained, in order to save life and advance our cause, 
by flanking our enemies, we did it to our satisfaction and their surprise. 
Here the army rested for six days. All things being ready, we crossed 
tire river and parked safely within three miles of Adanta. Gen. Johns- 
ton was then in command of the rebel army, but Jeff Davis, thinking that 
he was too easily driven, relie\ed him and placed the dashing and head- 
long Hood in command. This was an act of mercy towards Johnston, 
l)Ut not so merciful to the rebel soldiers. I think it was Johnston's opin- 
ion that he could not hokl Atlanta, and doubtless this was the cause of 
his removal. This change was not unpleasant to Gen. Sherman, for he 
appears to be well satisfied to have a foe who will meet him in open field 
and show his i)luck, rather than to skulk behind intrenchments or run as 
fast as legs will carry him. Hood swore that the city should be defend- 
ed to the last, and he set about it in good earnest. Anxious to obey his 
master, and thinking to place his name high upon the roll o( honor, and 
full of hope, he made three desperate charges upon our boys, but failed, 
with terrible losses. We took the "starch" out of him in a good degree. 
He finally drew back upon Atlanta, giving up to Sherman the heart and 
centre of Rebeldom, and gave us a chance to fortify our hnes and invest 
the city. AH this took place in the space of 16 days, commencing July 
15th and ending August ist. This "bold dasher" owns that he lost in 
killed, wounded and prisoners 28,000 men, nearly one-half of the num- 
ber that Johnston turned over to him. After having reached the plains 
of Georgia that surround the city, the boys were obliged to lay low and 
keep shady. They were obliged to do the same and thus it continued 
in this way up to Aug. 20th. After a month's service in the ditches, of 
which both officers and men were tired and sick, many of us wondered 
as to the manner in whicii the great object for which we have so long 
contended could l>c possessed. But Sherman was not askep, nor was he 
idle in maturing the strategy that was to bring relief. Measures were be- 
ing taken to find out the position and force of the enemy, and the 
strength of their works. VV^ith the aid of (ien. Kilpatrick, inttrvvoven as 
a part oi' the Jlank movement, gave us Atlanta. The 20th corps fell 
back toward the C'hattahoochee river and there assumed the defensive. 
Our brigade guarded the bridge and extended its Hnes up and down the 
river, watching the movements of the enemy. The 23d corps held a po- 



92 



RECORD OP' THE 3od MASS. VOLUNTEER INEANTRY. 



sition uijon our extreme right, while the rest of the army passed arounti 
and held the left up to date. While this was going on, the "Rebs" were 
in high glee ; thinking the "Yanks" had abandoned their job and were 
retreating back from whence they came, they commenced their jubilee 
in honor of it. They burned tar barrels, the beating of drum^s, rich men 
illuminated their buildings, women clapped their hands, and paid us rich 
compliments by saying, "Oh, the lousy Yankees are retreating ; where is 
Sherman now, and his detestable horde?" But alas for them. We will 
tell them where Sherman is. At 4 o'clock on the morning of Sept. 2d7 
it was discovered that the enemy had evacuated the city, leaving as small 
a force as they possibly could to cover their retreat. A little skirmishing 
through the day, then quietness prevailed. On the 3,d we had the pleas- 
ure, under Major-General Slocum, of entering the city at 1 1 a. m. ; then 
cheer after cheer went up all along the lines, our task being done, and 
well done. Now for the summary : We captured prisoners not a few,, 
destroyed seven miles of the Mongomery railroad and 15 miles of the 
Macon railroad. We drove the enemy 25 miles south of the city. 
Sherman, the "flanker," outwitted Hood, the "butcher." While he 
thought we were falling back to Chattanooga, he was awakened from his 
stupor when he found our army in line and battle array at Jonesboro, 
but too late, they there gave him the finishing touch. This is not a wild 
dream, but the true records of our canapaign. Therefore, without a 
growl or a grumble, we will thank God and take courage. "As the move- 
ment stands before the military and civil eye, with all its faults and im- 
perfections (and they are but few), it has been one of the most brilliant 
and complete successes in the annals of history." Hear what the Rich- 
mond Sentinel says : "Sherman has depopulated Atlanta and calls it an 
event unparalleled in. the annals of war and without example in modem 
times. Slierman, the chief among savages, captain among pirates, lead- 
er of highwaymen, the prince among scoundrels and brutes, the foremost 
villain of the world, and if this be the kind of war to resist, we will strip 
the last man, and the last boy shall take his musket, before we shall en- 
dure such outrages as that at Atlanta." 

Sept. 23. We are now resting from our labors ; shall be paid off soon 
and then something will be did. We have had quite a rest, only have to 
mount guard or patrol in the city once in five days ; we have nice quar- 
ters, quite cosey and comfortable. 

Sept. 24. The Army of the Tennessee, comprising the 15th, i6th 
and 17th corps, have moved towards Macon, the 23d and 24th corps to- 
wards Montgomery. The 20th remain here. The 33d and 2d Mass. 



RECORD UV THK 33i. MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 93 

Vols, still remain in the city, doing patrol. These two regiments arc 
much liked and they take pritle in doing their duty well. 

Sk-FF. 25. Quietness prevails throughout the city. Nearly all of the 
"female Secesh" departed when we took the city, some going to Macon, 
some to Augusta and others to see their friends. We have torn down 
quite a number of houses and converted them to our use, which adds 
greatly to our comfort and health. We are fortifying the city and a large 
fort is being built near the centre. It will mount cjuite a number of 64- 
pounders. It will command the four principal railroads — Macon, Au- 
gusta, West Point and the Chattanooga railroad. 

Skit. 26. I have had a fine view of Atlanta : will not attempt to de- 
scribe it, to-day, but will give its history by and by. Pay day has 
come at last. We have not been paid for eight months. I have pur- 
chased a watch, and yet have a few dollars left. I shall now indulge in 
a little soft bread and cheese. I think it will be benelicial after having 
lived so long behind breastworks on "hard-tack" and pork. 

Sept. 27. I had presented to me, to-day, two photographs; one is 
Gen. Joseph Hooker and the other Gen. W. T. Sherman. Too much 
cannot be said of them. As for Hooker, we love him, and the day that 
he took his farewell of the boys upon the banks of the Chattahoochee I 
shall never forget, as he rode along the lines of the 20th corps and ad- 
dressed them as follows : "Officers and men, you have done nobly, you 
have fought bravely, your names are written and known to the world ; 
God bless you, good-bye." As for Sherman, we crown him the hero of 
battles. We love, honor and adore him, though his manner is as (jueer 
as the day is long, good-natured, good-humored, and what he says has a 
meaning to it. Look at his forehead and that will tell you. He was 
born in Ohio and looks like a plough-boy, not proud or haughty, but 
with an eye like a hawk, and quick as a flash — such is Sherman, God 
bless him. 

Sept. 28. Here is a specimen of Southern talent, entitled "The South- 
ern girls, with homespun dresses." The author is unknown. I copy it 
for the benefit of all whom it may concern : 

"oil, yc.^, T am a SoutliiTii ,t;irl, 

And glmy in the name, 
And boast it with far greater pride 

Than glittering wealth or fame. 
I envy not the Northern girl — 

Her robes of beauty rare; 
Though diamonds grace her snowy neck. 

And pearls bedeck her hair. 



94 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



CHORU.S. 



Chorus. 



Chorus. 



Chorus. 



Chorus. 



Hurrah, hurrah, for the sunny South so dear; 

Three cheers for the homespun dress 
The Southern Lidies wear. 

This homespun dress is plain, I know, 

My hat's Pahnetto, too, 
But then, it show.s what Southern girls 

For Southern rights will do. 
We've sent the bravast of our land 

To battle with the foe. 
And we would lend a helping hand; 

We love the South, you know. 



New Northern goods are out of date, 

And since Old Abe's blockade, 
We Southern girls can be content 

With goods that's Southern made. 
We scorn to wear a bit of silk, 

A bit of Northern lace, 
But make our homespun dresses up. 

And wear them with much grace. 



Our Southern land is a glorious land. 

And hers a glorious cause; 
So here's three cheers for Southern rights 

And for the Southern boys. 
We've sent our sweethearts to the war. 

But, dear girls, never mind, 
Your soldier lad will not forget 

The sirl he left behind. 



A soldier is the lad for me, 

A brave heart I adore. 
And when the sunny South is free. 

And lighting is no more, 
I'll choose me, then, a lover brave 

From out that gallant band; 
The soldier lad that I love most 

Shall have my heart and hand. 



And now, young men, a word to you. 

If you would win the fair. 
Go to the tield where honor calls 

And win your lady there. 
Remember that our brightest smiles 

Are for the true and l)rave, 
And that our tears fall for the one 

That tills a soldier's grave. 



Chorus. 



Sept. 29. It now appears that things have changed wonderfully, for 
we hear loud and bitter curses hurled agamst Davis for putting Hood in 
Johnston's place. It is a growing desire of the people with whom we 
meet to abandon the struggle and return to the Union. 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



95 



Sept. 30. We have heard that Mood is concocting a plan to break 
our long line of communication and compel us to abandon all that we 
have won and fall back to Chattanooga, It is a bold move, but I much 
doubt if it proves successful. 

Oct. I. The "Rebs" are bothering us in our rear and we have to 
keep a sharp lookout for them. Our trains cannot run regular, and for 
this- reason our mails have been delayed for some time. 

Oct. 2. Sherman is just getting old Hood into a fix and by the time 
he gets through with him, I think he will give in that we are too much 
for him. We are doing well and keep gaining every day little by little. 

Oct. 3. Allatoona is threatened, and if taken, we are in a perilous 
position. The entire army, all but the 20th corps, is marching back 
over the ground it has so lately traversed in pursuit of Hood. 

Ocr. 4. The Rebel Gen. French, with a whole division, paid a visit 
to Gen. Corse, who holds Allatoona with about 1700 men. The follow- 
ing conversation took place between the "Reb" and "Yank." Says 
French, "I demand the surrender of Allatoona, and by so doing it will 
stop the effusion of blood and save life, for if I am forced to assault, no 
quarter will be shown." Corse replied, 'T have been placed here to pro- 
tect this place by order of Gen. Sherman, and do it I must, and when 
you get it, there will be no men left to kill." The odds against the gar- 
rison were fearful. A few hundred against 6000 ; in overwhelming num- 
bers the enemy came on, hour after hour the fight raged, till at last our 
boys were driven from their intrenchments. Corse, bleeding and faint, 
told them it was a matter of life and death to Sherman's army, that the 
place should be held. Half of his entire number had already fallen, 
bravely contesting every inch of ground, while the indomitable hero told 
them to fight on while a man was left. "A more gallant defence was nev- 
er made, and Gen. Corse has inscribed his name on the rocks of Allatoo- 
na forever." 

Oct. 5. Glorious announcement. The rebels are repulsed and at last 
drew off for a short space, and then the garrison caught the flutter of 
that little flag which had been placed upon the heights of Kenesaw, and 
they knew its meaning. "Hold on," it said, "relief is coming." At 
length the heads of our columns ai)peared in sight, but French had fled 
leaving 200 dead before the works and 400 prisoners in our hands. 

Ocr. 6. Sherman is delighted, and sent thanks to (ien. Corse and 
his brave boys for their gallant defence, and issued a general order, in 
which he was highly complimented. 



^6 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

Oct. 7. We liear that our ])oys are pushing on after Hood at a quick 
rate, and we hope that they will demolish him. 

Oct. 8. We hear that the Army of the Potomac is doing well, also 
that Sheridan is working well in the Shenandoah Valley ; in fact, every- 
thing seems to be going along nicely, and all in our favor. 

Oct. 9. We got a mail, to-day, it being the first one for over three 
weeks, and the boys are in high glee to hear good news from home. 

Oct. to. All is quiet within the city. All seems to be getting along 
well. Our election will soon take place, which may have a powerful ef- 
fect upon both North and South. Oh, that a lasting peace might be the 
result, and the Union once more restored, is the prayer of all hearts. 

Oct. II. A question is asked, will the 33d come home to recruit? 
I answered, The time is past, we cannot see the point ; we have all seen 
enough, or will have in a few months more, and then we hope to see 
our wives and sweethearts who are anxiously waiting our return, if a kind 
Providence permits 

Oct 1 2, to 1 7th, Have been on duty in the city for a few days ; 
have done some writing for the company ; in fact, my time is well taken 
up. I am detailed for camp gnard, to-morrow. Such is Hfe, and varie- 
ty is a spice. 

Oct. 18. 9 p. M. On guard over the camp of the 33d regiment, At- 
lanta, Ga. Have just posted my relief and returned back to my tent. 
George is asleep ; all is still ; a good fire is burning, and is quite com- 
fortable, while outside it is cool and frost-like. Two long years and 
three months have passed away, never more to return. Thousands have 
offered up their lives upon their country's altar for its defence. Thou- 
sands more stand ready to defend it until the last. Our liberties, our 
rights, our homes and our dear ones must and shall be preserved. Our 
election which is soon to seal the fate of the nation is near at hand. I 
hope and trust that the right man may be chosen to fill the place, and 
that he may be so guided and directed as to bring about a lasting peace 
and a Union not divided. Then man may learn to know mankind and 
we may have a better knowledge of what is to come than that which has 
already past. Oh, that we could prize that precious gift, Liberty, and 
strike off the fetters that threaten us and plant the true standard (the stars 
and stripes) u])on the rock, to wave forever there. You ma.y call this 
the "corporal's soliloquy" while on my post of duty. It is ir o'clock; 
the second relief is falling in. I return to my tent, put some wood on 
he fire, nivake my bed, fill my pipe and lay down. Good night. 



RI'CORn OF THF, 3:li. MASS. VOI.PXTFER 1\FANTR^ , qy 

Oct. 19. Came off i,niard at 10 a. m., did some writing for the rom- 
pany. Before me is a jjicture of our guard ([uarters in the city ; it is a 
fair representation of the building and the street. Our supply train is 
loading up with the precious ^'hard-tack," sugar an,l coffee ; this indi- 
cates a move. 

Oct. 20. 1 o-day lias been quite cool and winterish. We have not 
had a mail for 14 days. A regiment is just passing bv. It is composed 
of gentlemen of color. I have not learned its number, but the boys cali 
it the "backbone of the rebellion." 

Oct. 21. I have enjoyed, to-day, some of the sweet consolations of 
camp life, and they are most trying, viz. : A hot, bright, damp-aired, 
blazing day ; to-night is cold, foggy and shivering. 

Oct. 22. Well, Sunday has come again. The bells have summoned 
all who can to repair to the^ouse of worship. [ cannot go, for duty calls 
me in another direction. I am detailed for guard. Our duty comes 
once in four or five days. Orders are (piite strict— no leaving camp day 
or night ; roll-(-all three times e\-ery day. 

Oct. 2:?, Soldiering is queer business, and it is a hard life, too, on 
those who follow it, and as one of the boys who sits by my side at the 
reserve fire, says, "It's asy for them as sits at home by the fire and talks 
about sogers and victories, very fine and asy-like, but it is little they 
know of the raal work. It would not be the same if they was out here 
theirselves, trying to get warm at a hole in the ground." This is my 
mind 'zactly. 

Oct. 24. Came off duty, this morning. My health is good, and as 
for courage, I agree with the saying of Frederick the Cireat : "A soldier's 
courage lies in his stomach." So here goes for breakfast. 

Oct. 25, through 31st. Have been busy all these days, working on 
pay-rolls. We are anxiously waiting for the paymaster. Money is 
scarce ; in fact, I have'nt a "red cent." While we have been patiently 
waiting, the mail has arrived and how eager the boys were to grasp their 
letters. It is good to see them as they read the words of ^love from 
home. It makes the tears fall from our eyes. "Home, sweet home," is 
dear to us just now. He who i)redicts the morrow in a soldier's life' has 
his labor for his pains ; the morrow takes care of itself. 

Now I . There seems to be a stir in the camp, and as camp life has 

its variety and is not always the same, you will learn more in a week 

than in a month at home. It seems to indicate a move ; where or when 

we cannot tell. Our weather is beautiful, but somewhat rool It <rives 

'3 * 



98 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 



us to understand that fall is here and winter is fast approaching, and 
while my pen glides, I am reminded that, if spared, this is my last winter 
for soldiering. I am growing tired of its life ; the toils, fatigues, march- 
es, exposures and dangers, when taken into consideration, make me feel 
truly thankful that it is. Though far away from those I love, I'm not 
forgotten. The following was received by mail, to-day. I am told that, 

"Away where the bugles are sounding 

At morning and evening their call, 
My hero, my soldier is guarding 

The land that was dearer than all. 
Though he wears not a bar on his shoulder, 

Nor glittering star on his breast, 
Vet my heart, in its fond worship, crowns him 

The noblest, the bravest, the best." 

Nov. 2. Marching orders have come. We will soon go. Our desti- 
nation is unknown ; we may go to Savannah ; some say Mobile, others 
say back to Alabama, but I guess we shall all know when we get there. 

Nov. 3, to yth. Have been exciting days to Uncle Samuel's soldiers. 
Rumor has been going his rounds that we must evacuate Atlanta, but I 
cannot say for certain whether we shall or not. Our orders are to be 
ready. The bugle has sounded for us to suspend all work, as the day 
has drawn to a close, so we must lay our bodies down to sweet repose 
on a bunk of rough boards. It is morning again. I have drawn two 
pairs of shoes, drawers, pants and shirts ; all of the regiment have shared 
the same, and many think it is the year of Jubilee. Orders keep coming 
in, but we give ourselves very little uneasiness, for the 33d is always 
ready when duty calls. Good night ; I must put out the light ; it will 
soon be taps. It is morning again, 9 o'clock. All is well, so I will pro- 
ceed. Last evening the city was all cleared of soldiers, save the 33d, 
2d Massachusetts and iiith Pennsylvania regiments, which remained to 
look after things. Quite a number of contrabands, with glistening eye- 
balls, thick lips and a good display of ivory, run to and fro, and remind 
me of the boatmen on the Mississippi, as I once saw them in panoramic 
view. The citizens were astonished and could hardly tell what "we'uns 
were going to do with you'uns." We have heard of the "Southern Chiv- 
alry," but have seen very little of it as yet ; a dirty and more degraded- 
looking set I never saw, and as for ignorance, we will throw that in. 
The women remind me of our "Down East" squaws, the difference being 
that the squaws are more tasty and neat in their persons. They can beat 
the world for smoking and chewing. It is quite common, while on 
guard, to ask a woman for a chew, and forthwith it comes, just as freely 
and willingly as though it was a comrade from whom I had asked it. 



RECORD OF THE 33i) .^fASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 99 

Nov. 8. We have patiently waited all these days to know the fate of 
the boys who took their exit from us so suddenly, and about 3 o'clock, 
this afternoon, we got the word the corps were all coming back, and true 
enough, it was so. Sherman has arrived and in all probability we shall 
know in a few days what it all means. 

Nov. 9. Hood is moving, but is watched pretty closely He will not 
attempt to climl) tlie "Rock of Chickamauga" (Thomas). Everything 
is lovely and all in our favor. The weather for the past few days has 
been anything but ngreeable, and particularly so to those who have to 
march. It has rained much ; the streets are perfectly awful, Init the in- 
dications are that the rain is about over. I suppose the fate of this glo- 
rious Union is decided ere this. I am not the least alarmed, for I be- 
lieve it will be decided in tl»e choice of Abraham Lincoln, and God 
grant that it may be so, to the astonishment of those who cry "peace, 
peace," upon any terms, do what they may to bring it about. I am no 
politician, only as far as right and justice go. and no man shall have ray 
vote who wants to see the soldiers disgraced and traitors go unpunished. 

Nov. 10- 1 1. We have not left Atlanta as yet, and it is beyond my 
power to say when we shall leave. Three brigades of Georgia militia, 
supported by a cavalry force, and being somewhat thirsty, came ujjon 
our pickets just as they were preparing their coffee, with a cheer and a 
yell like so many wild beasts ; but to their astonishment, the star that 
never sets was enough for them — the red, the white and the blue. Dis- 
appointed at not finding us asleep in our works, they left, but not all of 
them ; we captured some as prisoners, killed some and wounded many. 
They have made three attempts and failed in each of them. We still in- 
vite them and will give them just the reception that they ask for. I 
think we shall leave before long, but nothing definite ; we are liable to 
go at an hour's notice. 

The following is the belief of a certain few who call themselves Bap- 
tists. I copy it from an old book that I found while on guard in the 
city. It sets forth the glories of Calvinistic joys. 1 call it "Blue-Skin 
Calvinism : " 

"I am a thorough Calvini.^t, 

I love the few elect, 
Aiu] all i)elonging to that name 

ril treat with due respect. 

All other sects or names, 

I boldly tlisavow, 
Stand by yourself, come not near me, 

I'm holier than thou. 



lixy RLCORO OV THE 33u JIASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTR'i'. 

In my good Bible oft I find 

These words of Scripture true, 
The Lord hath many people called. 

Yet chosen but a few. 

These chosen few shall be at last 

Conducted safe to Heaven, 
And sing of Calvinistic joys, 

With all their sins forgiven. 

Who will not come and join our chiu'ch 

Of Calvinistic ties, 
And for our order earnestly 

I'liite their fer\ent prayers?"' 

Nov. 1 2. Sherman is u\i and dressed. His army is organized and 
tlioroiighly cciiiipped, and we shall soon cut loose from everything and 
start for Savannah. The night of the loth of November witnessed an 
awful scene : The burning of Rome, looo bales of cotton, two fiotir mills, 
two tanneries, one salt mill, one foundry, machine shops, depots, store, 
houses and bridges, also all the private dwellings. Tlie flames leaped 
and roared, while the heavens above glowed like a furnace and lighted 
both field and mountain for miles around. 

Nov. 13-14-15. Witnesses another awful scene — the burning of At- 
lanta, the torch being applied to all the public buildings and depots, 
making a second conflagration, and lighting up the marching columns 
while they were moving out to be ready for a start the next morning for 
the sea. The 33d band is playing amid all this scene, "John Brown's 
soul goes marching on." The right wing is commanded by Howard, 
15th and 17th corps ; the left wing is commanded by Slocum, composed 
of the 14th and 20th, which were the last to leave the city. Our orders 
are to forage liberally (and, comrades, you know we did). "Soldiers 
shall not enter the dwellings of the inhabitants or commit any trespass, 
but during the halt or camp, they may be permitted to gather turnips, 
potatoes and other vegetables, and drive in stock in front of their camps. 
Horses, mules and wagons to be taken wherever found. VV. T. S." 
This order, I think, comrades, was kept to the letter. 

Nov. 16. Broke camp at 7 A. M., stacked arms and in our places 
rested. At 3 p. m. we took up our line of march, and our army of 
brawny men, stripped for the race and the struggle, set its face toward 
the Atlantic ocean, and with banners streaming and bands playing, we 
bade farewell to the smouldering ruins of Atlanta. We proceeded for 10 
miles and bivouacked for the night ; time 9 o'clock, everything lovely. 

Nov. 17. Up at 5 A. M., took breakfast on sweet potatoes that we 
confiscated from a neighboring field while all was still, marched at 7, 
passed over quite a number of plantations and through the town of La- 



RKCORD OF THE 33i) MASS. Vol.UNTKF.R INFANTRN . loi 

thronia, 31 miles from Atlanta, went into camp for the night. We are 
marching directly east, on the railroad leading from Atlanta to Augusta, 
and shall destroy it as fast as we go. The distance is i 70 miles. 

N<n'. 18. Up and on our way at 7, proceeded for eight miles, took 
dinner, went on until we crossed Yellow river, and went into camp for 
the night. Went in search of a hog, found him, killed him, and had a 
pork steak for supper. 

Nov. 19. On our way at 7, crossed Alcova river, passed through Cov- 
ington, a pretty town ; the white population was scarce, but enough of 
blacks to make up the deficiency. They would rush to the corners, and 
how their eye-balls would roll. We made a distance of 1 2 miles and 
cam})ed. 

Nov. 20. \Ve have made a Sabbath day's journey, but not according 
to Scripture, for wc have marched 20 miles, passed through Sandtown, 
quite a pretty little place, went into camp. The inhabitants seemed to 
be filled with consternation, for they never dreamed that we would pene- 
trate such a retired and remote region of country. We have left Deca- 
tur, Stone INlountain, Social Circle, Rutledge and Madison to our right, 
and turned suddenly to the South, towards Milledgeville, the capital of 
the State. 

Nov. 21. Up and on our way at 7, marching amid rain and mud, 
made the distance of seven miles and went into camp within three miles 
of Eatonton ; time 6 r. m. and awfiil cold. 

Nov. 22. Up at 5 A. M., on our way at the usual hour, passed through 
Eatonton, crossed Little river, made a distance of 17 miles and camped. 
So far so good ; everything is lovely and we live high. We board on the 
country and our living is of the very best kind, such as sweet potatoes, 
hog, ffesh beef, molasses, corn meal and other things too numerous to 
mention. In fact, all these are delicious, and our appetites are good for 
just such as I have mentioned, and we want for nothing thus far. 

Nov. 23. Started on our way at 7 a. m., went a distance of 10 miles, 
when to our surprise we found ourselves inside the capital of Georgia, 
camped all day and night. Sherman took up his headcjuarters in the 
Executive Mansion, but did not put on so many airs as his rebel excel- 
lency had done who had just left and fled back into the interior. The 
soldiers took possession of the State house, organized the Legislature by 
appointing a speaker, and proceeded to business. Motions were made, 
resolutions offered and speeches made, and though the manual was not 
strictly followed, it was both comical and interesting. The speaker was 
lacking in dignity and the House was quite disorderly ; and while in the 



I02 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

midst of their comic scenes, one of the outsiders rushed in and shouted, 
"The Yankees are coming." In a moment all was confusion, and amid 
shouts, yells and laughter, the multitude rushed for the door. We have 
lived high on hoe-cake and chickens. It is the night before Thanksgiv- 
ing and all is progressing well. 

Nov. 24. This being the National Thanksgiving day, and having pre- 
pared for it, we now celebrate it in the heart of Rebeldom, by a sumptu- 
ous breakfast of chickens and turkeys, and amid jokes and laughter, we 
keep in remembrance the national festival. At 1 1 A. M. we take up our 
line of march, crossed the Oconee river and rested until 3 p. M., took up 
our line of march and kept it until 5 o'clock the next morning, the 25th ; 
went into camp, took breakfast, then proceeded on for six miles, arriving 
at the town of Hebron, and camped for the night. The weather is beau- 
tiful and we are having a jolly time ; am somewhat tired and fatigued. 

Nov. 26. Marched with wagon train, to-day ; went a distance of 10 
miles, arrived at Sandersville, and camped for the night. 

Nov. 27. Co. E went out on a foraging expedition and did well; 
travelled 15 miles, confiscated three hogs, one barrel of syrup, 30 bush- 
els of sweet potatoes ; arrived into camp at S p. M. in the town of Davis- 
borough on the ( )geechee river. 

Nov. 28. Left Davisborough at 7 a. m. with the teams, went on the 
double-quick for 14 miles, arrived about i p. m., took dinner and went 
into camp for the night. 

Nov. 29. In camp until about noon, took up our line of march, pass- 
ing through Ogeechee Swamp, three miles in length, passed through the 
town of Louisville, once a flourishing town, Init to-day it is a heap of ru- 
ins. Sherman's army has paid it a visit. It is no longer a town for gos- 
sipers and "Secesh" idlers, for misery is stamped upon all faces that wit- 
nessed our approach into the town. We have left Augusta at our right, 
40 miles distant. Savannah is 1 10 miles. Weather delightful. 

Nov. 30. In camp two miles beyond Louisville, on a plantation of 
1200 acres. With us it is a day of rest, and we devote it to washing our 
clothes and resting. I paid a visit to this planter's house. The owner's 
name is McGowan ; he was owner of 100 slaves, but the most of them 
have joined us and go "'marching along." We have already several hun- 
dreds of the colored brethren who have already joined our ranks, from 
two days old u]) to the ripe old age of 75 and 80. I got from this house 
some sweet potatoes, corn meal, syrup and a few turnips ; returned to 
camp, cooked my supper. How delicious ! Such has been my fate? 
such is my fortune, but the best of it all is, I have company all the way 



RECORD OF THE 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXFAXTRV. 



103 



tlirough ; we meet with but little molestation, and living in the mean- 
time on the fat of the land. 

Df.c. I. Up at 5 A. M., partook of a good breakfast— sweet potatoes, 
meat and coffee, and "hoe" cake — rested until 4 p. m., started on our 
way and kept it up for all night. Thus far have we deceived the enemy 
as respecting our own plans, and thwarted all of theirs ; but now, con- 
cealment is no longer possible, and we are compelled to take a decisive 
step. 

Dec. 2. Having rations in the vvagons to last us 40 days (so I am in. 
formed), we now resume our march in an easterly direction ; at the same 
time we are feigning Augusta, but all the while we are rajjidly moving on 
Millen, about 60 miles to the southward. We have arrived and once 
more halted, and shall remain until our cavalry scours this part of the 
country faithfully, and Kilpatrick has just disputed our advance with 
Wheeler (rebel) and repulsed him, though with a heavy loss. We are 
now marching in six parallel columns and are headed on Savannah, Up 
to this time our march has been over richly cultivated fields, over costly 
plantations and into houses filled with luxuries. We have looked with 
amazement on a country on which naturt^ had lavished her gifts with 
such a bountiful hand. We have destroyed miles of railroad and left a 
wide track of desolation in our rear, but still something greater is before 
us. Our columns are all closed up, we have ammunition and provisions 
plenty, the army feels strong and is buoyant with hope, and we have all 
confidence in our leader, 

Dec. 3-4-5-6-7-8-9, Have been devoted to a march through the rice 
swamps of Georgia, Not a house could be seen. It seemed at times as 
though we had entered into an entirely different world. This part of the 
country abounds with pine. The soil is soft and marshy, yet a more lev- 
el country I have never seen. The scene was often wild and pictur- 
escjue ; for miles and miles through the forest could be seen the blazing 
torches, now moving in lines among the trees, lighting up the scene mag- 
nificently. P.ands of music answering each other in the distance filled 
the forest with melody, while the cries of teamsters, the neighing of mules 
and shouts of men make it still more inspiring. The breaking uj) of 
camp in the morning, the roll of the drum, the echoing strains of the bu- 
gle and the marshalling of the columns present a picture that will be Ion"- 
remembered by the boys in blue. Thus we go on, having the sjjlendor, 
the toil and the desolation of the march by day, while at night we have 
the music, the mirth and the slumber of the camp. That memorable No- 
vember on the soil of Georgia will ever be remembered. While at Mil- 



I04 RECORD OF THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

len, Ga., we beheld a sight which fevered the blood of our brave boys. 
It was the hideous prison pen used by the rebels for the confinement of 
our prisoners of war. A space of ground about 300 feet square, inclosed 
by a stockade, without any covering whatever, was the damnable hole 
where thousands of our brave boys had been confined for months past, 
exposed to the heavy dews, hard frosts and pelting rains, not so much as 
a board or a tent to protect them, after the rebels had stolen their cloth- 
ing from them. Some had dug holes in the ground, into which they had 
crept to shelter themselves. I am told that hundreds of our braves had 
died there. It was from misery that death had released them. We are 
once more upon dry land and have camped for the night ; living high 
and all is well. 

Dec. 10. We have moved steadily on Savannah and are within 10 
miles of the city, laying in line of battle. 

Dec. 11-12-13. The army has closed gradually and steadily in upon 
the city, working our way day by day, and with some hard fighting we 
get nearer and nearer to the coveted prize. 

Dec. 14. Good news has greeted our ears, to-day. Fort McAllister, 
at the mouth of the Ogeechee^river, which enters the ocean, and is a few 
miles south of Savannah, has been captured, and we have got our com- 
municatioa opened once more, so we shall have some "hard-tack" soon. 
We have built breastworks all day. We are not more than three miles 
from the city. 

Dec. 15. Behind breastworks about one-half mile from the enemy. 
The weather is delightful, warm and pleasant. The' frogs are peeping at 
night, the mosquitoes kiss us on our cheeks and leave a smart which is 
quite uncomfortable at'times. The birds are leaping from tree to tree 
and warble forth their sweetest notes of praise. No winter here ; we sit 
in our shirt-sleeves through the day, and at night lay down in our over- 
coats, to cover us from the heavy dews. Savannah is just within our 
grasp. We regard it as already gained, and perhaps by the time this let- 
ter reaches you (I am writing home), the 33d regiment, or those of it 
who are living, will occupy the city. Its surrender has already been de- 
manded and we are waiting the reply. 

Dec. 16. On picket and within two miles of Savannah, behind breast- 
works, and about 300 yards from the rebel works. Our communication 
is opened. Rations have arrived. Sherman's lost army is all rio-ht. 
The mail has arrived and what rejoicing. 

Dec. 1 7. We have at last aroused the rebels to the danger that threat- 
ened them. They have believed all the time that we were only on a 



RlXORl) OF 'rilK 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER 1NI~ ANTRV. lo:; 

great raid, but the nearness of our approach to Savannali lias convinced 
ihem that we have had a greater object in view than to burn their cotton 
and destroy their railroads. We can now look back with jjride on our 
track and see that we have destroyed the (leorgia Central railroad for 
lOO miles, and the Georgia road for more than 60; they lay a complete 
wreck. Thus far has our march been a triumphant one, having met with 
but little molestation. 

Dec. i<S. It is Sunday. J am still on picket, and having an opportu' 
nity, I impro\e it by seating myself near a log and pen a few lines in an- 
swer to the kind and welcome letters that were received, yesterday, the 
first that have been received since No\ . Sth. That is what clieers (he 
soldiers' hearts and stirs us to recollection and hope. Father .\])raham 
is re-elected and woe be to all copjjerheads and traitors. Atlanta is in 
the scenes of the past ; we are miles away from it, and we have been 
travelling to another city, and it is just in sight, and we expect to occu- 
py it in a little while from this. 

Dkc. 19. C'ame off picket, this forenoon, and ha\'e rested the re- 
mainder of the day, 

Dec. 20. The cai)ture of the city is a sure thing ; we have it com- 
pletely invested on all sides. It is only a (juestion of time. 

Dec. 21. ('.en. Hardee (rebel) has refused our kind reijuesl and says 
he shall hold the city at all hazards. Well, so do. 

Dec. 22. Some more siege guns have arrived, and to-day they are 
being mounted along the lines, and they will be rendv to speak in due 
time. 

Dec. 23-24. Well, I am detailed for picket and I guess it means busi- 
ness. We are all ready to make the attack, and if Hardee attemj^ts to 
hold the city it will be destroyed and there will lie untold horrors visited 
upon the inhabitants, and to-night (the 24th), under the cover of dark- 
ness, he marched his army across the river to the Carolina shore on a 
pontoon bridge and went off toward Charleston. Thus we have been 
spared the bloodshed and the loss of life of many of our brave soldiers, 
had we been forced to capture it by assault. 

Dec. 25. Aljout daylight, this morning, (ien. deary's pickets crept up 
to the silent works and over them, meeting with no resistance, and soon 
after, the general himself received from the mayor the surrender of the 
place. We now wish you, one and all, a "Merry Christmas" and a 
'•Happy New Year." The following is a despatch fnjm Sherman to the 
President : "I beg to present you, as a Christmas gift, the city of Sa\an- 
14 



Io6 RECORD OF THE 33r) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

nab, with 150 guns, plenty of ammunition, 38,000 bales of cotton, three 
steamers, locomotives, cars and 800 prisoners." (Signed) "William T. 
Sherman." Thus endeth another wonderful campaign. Having marched 
for 300 miles in an enemy's country, having no base from which we 
could receive supplies, the army was flung into mid-air, as it were, to 
live as best it could until we established a base on a distant ocean. For 
boldness of design and masterly execution, this campaign stands alone in 
the history of modern warfare. The South was struck dumb, while the 
North was jubilant with delight. We have got through safely and we are 
not the wreck of a half-starved army, but we are in as good a condition 
as when we started. Our animals are fresh and vigorous, and not wag- 
on lost. Our entire loss will not exceed a thousand men in this long 
and wonderful march from Atlanta to the sea. Grant said that the 
Southern Confederacy was a shell. "Billy" Sherman and his boys have 
proved it. And now comes floating out from the throats of brass to the 
ears of soldiers, as we lounge upon our blankets, and to our officers in 
their tents, that familiar tune : 

"The Union forever ! Hun-ah ! boys, huiTah ! 
Down with the traitor, up with the stars ! 
V While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again. 

Shouting the battle-cry of Freedom." 

Dec. 26. We are in camp just one mile from the city. What 
we shall do next, I cannot tell. We have not rested much for a few 
months past and 1 think it a doubtful case if we get much at this time. 
But we seem to gain on the "Rebs" and we feel better than though we 
kept moving and accomplished nothing. I hope and trust that ere an- 
other Christmas shall roll around, I may, if spared, have a happier one 
than either of the past three has been. My first Christmas was spent in 
Falmouth, Va., and though the day was fine and pleasant, we had but 
very little to eat, but we did not complain. My second was in Lookout 
Valley, Tennessee ; like young bears, we sucked our thumbs, and yet we 
did not complain. This being my third and last, I have not gone hun- 
gry, for five "hard-tack," a little piece of beef and boiled rice supply my 
wants of to-day. I have thought much of home, and in the words of an- 
other will say, "In a few more days, or months, at most, we shall not ask 
Uncle Samuel to provide us a Christmas or a New Year's dinner." 

Dec. 27. Our mails, having been stopped these few days past, have 
come to us once more, and it is reviving to receive letters, and a pleasure 
to answer them. 

Dec. 28. We are now encamped just one-half mile from the city, 
awaiting orders. 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 107 

Dec. 29. This is also anotlier day of rest. 

Dec. 30. The order for to-day is to build comfortable quarters, and 
while in the midst of confusion comes another order to prepare for an- 
other immediate campaign. It was tough, but "the way of the trans- 
gressor is hard." Our work was suspended and I now improve the spare 
time to rest. 

Dec. 31. Another order has come into camp; it reads like this: 
"The 20th arm}' corps will be reviewed by Maj. Gen. W. T. Sherman, to- 
morrow, in the city." And, of course, as the 33d has the honor to be- 
long to that corps, we must be among the number. 

Jan. I, 1865. The sun rose beautiful; it is clear, warm and pleasant. 
At the sound of the bugle we turned from off our bunks and commenced 
getting breakfast ; that being over with, we polished our guns and equip- 
ments, dusted up our old cloUies as best we could, and at 7 o'clock the 
command was given, "Fall in." We took up our line of march at half- 
past 7. We marched into the city, the stars and stripes floating to the 
breeze, the band playing "Hail, Columbia," "The Star Spangled Banner," 
"Yankee Doodle," etc. It made us feel good all over. -We marched to 
Canal street and halted. The first thing that meets the gaze is groups of 
darkies, both male and female, from two weeks old up to the ripe old 
age of nearly 100. I thought I had seen "niggers," but this beats me. 
The street for one mile was covered with blackness ; only a few whites 
put in an appearance. It was the only eclipse I have witnessed in the 
United Slates, and it was visible only in Savannah. I have forgotten 
whether mention is made of any more for this year or not. We proceed- 
ed on as far as Bay street, halted, dressed the line, stacked guns and sat 
down. During this time I have taken what observations I could. Sa- 
vannah is a large city, contains several thousand inhabitants, white and 
black, a beautiful harbor and fine public buildings. It is one of the most 
important posts that we have taken, and it gives us a base for our sup- 
plies that no rebel horde can cut asunder. It has put a damper on the 
South that will leave a lasting impression. At i o'clock we got the com- 
mand to "Fall in, take arms," and at the command, "Companies right 
wheel," we obeyed at the word "Forward," and then "March." VVe 
stepped off with heads up, eyes straight to the front. We went through 
the following principal streets : South, Broad and Montgomery streets, 
passing the banks, custom house, through Lincoln and Bay streets, by the 
court house, through Liberty and Drayton streets, going through Canal 
on our return to camp. All this was done amid the shouts of spectators, 
the bands playing, while Sherman and his generals, seated upon their fine 



Io8 KECORO OF THE 33v MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 

chargers, rode along the streets, which were well draped with bunting, 
that put all the "stars and bars" in the shade. We had just arrived into 
camp and quiet prevailed, when to our surprise an order came, "Prepare 
to march to-morrow morning at 7 o'clock." Savannah is not such a 
beautiful city as I expected it to be. Nature has not showered its graces 
upon it as upon other places through which we have passed. A pretty 
fountain adorns one of its parks, one or two churches of good material 
and show good taste. During our stay in and around the city, nothing 
occurred to interrupt the order or (juiet. The stores and theatres are 
open, children are at play, ladies walk the streets unmolested, and many 
of our boys sit on the doorsteps conversing with the fair damsels, and it 
looks like anything but war times, and while all this is going on we arc- 
getting ready for anotlier moven'ient. 

Jan. 3. Up. this morning, ate breakfast, [racked up our "duds," broke 
camp, en route for the city, arriving at 8 A. M., embarked on board the 
steamer "Planter," once owned by the "Rebs," went down the river four 
miles and landed on the shore of South Carolina ; went into camp for 
the remainder of the day and night. 

Jan. 3. On our taps, partook of our morning meal, slung knapsacks, 
fell into line and ijroceeded for a distance of 12 miles, halting between 
Forts Jackson and Pulaski, 16 miles from Savannah. We located at 
what is called New River. 

I AN. 4-5, Have l)eeii devoted to building ourselves comfortable quar- 
ters. We have built lireplaces and are pleasantly located. We are here 
to protect our boats from rebel bushwhackers, if any there be, who mav 
loiter around in ambush. The mail has just gone out, to-day, the first 
time for several flays. 

Jan. 6. We are informed that we shall stop here quite a while for a 
rest, and recruit ourselves pre])aratory to another move that will astonish 
Mie world. 

Jan. 7, to 12th. There is not much news. The weather is beautiful 
We have our picket and guard duty to do, outside of this we are some- 
what inclined to be lazy. We understand that several changes are to be 
made in the army before it starts on its third, and we hope its final, cam- 
paign. I hope that when we do move, we shall amaze the world and de- 
molish the whole rebel government. We have a force of all arms, mak- 
ing about 65,000 men. Our army train consists of 4500 vehicles of all 
kinds. This knowledge I have received to-day. If these were stretched 
out in a single line, in marching order, it would extend 45 miles. 
Whew ! - 



RFA ORD OF THK 33n MASS. VniA'XTKER IXKAXTRV 



109 



Jan. 13, to 16th. Our time is up, we shall march in three days; our 
destination is unknown to any of us ; but Slocum is our leader. He is a 
man of fine apjiearance, his manner attracts all that behold him. In 
him we have all confidence. He is Sherman's left-hand bower ; Howard 
is his right, and Thomas is trumj). It is his discipline that has brought 
the 20th corps to a state of perfection, that has given it a national repu- 
tation. One thing we do know, he has not left us in the two campaigns, 
so we believe he will not forsake us in the third and last one of all. The 
boys say he is cool and collected and is equal for the task that is just be- 
fore him. 'I o-morrow will begin the work, and days will decide it, so we 
will be patient, hoping that he is one of the few men born never to be 
beaten. Marching orders, "Up guards and at them." 

Jan. 1 5. We left St. Mary's, S. C, this morning, for the purpose of 
scouring the Palmetto State (one of the first that proved disloyal), pro- 
ceeded as far as Hardeesville and camped. It has commenced to rain, 
and as it is about time for the winter rains to set in, it will not be surpris- 
ing to us if our progress is retarded some. 

J.AN. I 7, to 28th. Our destination is still unknown. Some think Au- 
gusta, others say Branchville, but known to none so well as "Billy" Sher- 
man. It has rained now for about five days, the river has overflowed its 
banks and covered the low and level places knee-deep. Such a rain has 
not been known for 20 years, so tlie inhabitants tell us. It seems at this 
most critical moment as if the "clerk of the weather" was determined to 
bring us to a long halt. The roads are horrible and our camping place 
is gloomy and cold, but not a murmur or a complaint is heard. U'e 
know that our case is urgent and that we ought to be on the move and 
for this reason it causes a good deal of anxiety, but we must wait until 
the water subsides. Friday afternoon, and raining hard, but I um shel- 
tered from the storm. We are 10 miles from St. Mary's and 17 from Sa- 
vannah. We are having but little to do, for we are rain-bound. Satur- 
day morning. It rained all last night and is still drizzling. The mud is 
ankle-deep. A good fire is comfortable, and with plenty to eat, all is ^o- 
ing well. There are but eight houses in this village, and one church. 
They were used for hospitals by the "Rebs" undl our arrival here. It is 
situated alongside the railroad and within a few miles of New River. A 
few rods from my tent is a powder magazine, once us^d by the "John- 
nies." It is built of logs and covered with dirt A nice well of water 
alongside of it supplies our thirsty souls. We shall be inspected, to-mor- 
row. Sunday morning. Some sunshine. Inspection is over. It passed 
off quietly. I am once more in my ,tent before a good fire. Monday 
morning. The sun is out in all its splendor once more. The 20th corps 



I lo RECORD OF THP: 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INF'AXTRY. 

is again on the move. The 33d is ordered to be in readiness. We shall 
break camp shortly. We are ordered to a place called Sister's Landing, 
20 miles from here, in the direction of Augusta. We are getting our full 
rations once more — pork, hard-tack, coffee, sugar, vinegar and salt-horse 
— which is quite a contrast to the rations we received for a week or more 
while in front of Savannah, which consisted of rice and coffee without su- 
gar, using salt as a substitute. We varied our diet occasionally by con- 
fiscating an ear of corn from the mules, which we parched and ate. 
Many incidents of the march have occurred which called out the sympa- 
thy of all hearts. I have seen women both beautit'ul and refined stand- 
ing by the roadside and in the gateways of ruined homes im])loring pro- 
tection from our officers from further pillage, as our advance guard or 
stragglers had helped themselves to what they needed, doing no violence 
to the inmates, but the way the furniture was pushed about was a caution. 
They never dreamed that we would come into South Carolina, or that 
her sacred soil would be trodden upon by the hated and despised Yan- 
kees. But we are here and meting out to her the fate she deserves. We 
have received marching orders and expect to move in the morning. 

Jan. 29. Up at the call of the bugle, packed knapsacks, struck tents, 
fell into line and stacked arms. This being done, our brave Colonel 
Doane, mounted upon his fiery charger, was at the head of the regiment. 
At the word, "Take arms, right face, forward, march," the 33d was in 
motion. We marched to the Savannah railroad and camped for the 
night. 

Jan. 30. We commenced at what is called Graham's Turn-out. We 
tore up and burned the ties and twisted the rails, and, in fact, played the 
"deuce" with this branch which connects the Augusta railroad with that 
of the Savannah. Onward we went, crossing swamps and rivers, building 
bridges and clearing roads, which made it exceedingly laborious, but as 
we had lived so luxuriously in Georgia, we could endure these hardships 
cheerfully. Wherever we attempted to make a strike, it was done with 
such boldness that it fairly puzzled the "Johnnies." We came suddenly 
upon them, and as they beheld our figures, and saw that we were the 
genuine "Yanks," they "got up and dusted." At Salthatchie Creek 
they made a stand and tried to stop us, but the "Stars" waded in up to 
their waists, charged the "Rebs" through the swamp, and to see them 
"get up and get" was fun for us "Yanks." We have now gone a distance 
of several miles, tearing up rails, burning ties, heating the rails red-hot 
and making letter S's out of them by twisting them around a tree ; and if 
the rising generation of South Carolina are ever puzzled in learning their 



RECORD OF THE Sl^n MASS. VOLUNTEER IXFAXTRV. I I I 

alphabet, they certainly will remember the S which was taught them in 
1865. We have gone into camp for the night. 

Jan. 31. This morning finds us in the best of spirits. We have 
changed our course and are marching in the direction of Orangeburg. 
Here we found them strongly fortified and making their boast that we 
would be driven back, but were soon brought to their senses, and at the 
approach of a large force in their rear, who gave them a parting salute, 
they soon got up and left their strong position. While we were engaging 
them at this i)oint, the i 7th corps, under Gen. Blair, paid a visit to the 
Branchville and Camden railroad. Here they gave vent to their feelings, 
and such a time of twisting rails was never before seen. We are in- 
formed that when Blair left it, it was in bad repair. 

Feb. I. The main oljject of our long march towards Augusta is ac- 
complished. We have suddenly turned our backs on the place ; we are 
heading to the north and east portions of the State, separating Charles- 
ton from Augusta. The Southern ladies had spared no pains in feeding 
their chickens, turkeys and geese, and upon our approach we found them 
in good condition, and were splendid picking ; and if I mistake not, 
Sherman's order reads : 

"My boys can live on chickens and ham, 

For everything that we do find 
Belongs to 'Uncle Sam.' " 

And we were not backward nor bashful, but helped ourselves to all 
that was eatable and drinkable. 

Feb. 2, through 1 7th. We paid a visit to the Columbia and Charlotte 
railroad and tore up the rails for miles, making a complete havoc of ev- 
erything. I expect that they pray most mightily for the wrath of Heav- 
en to visit us. Having accomplished the work assigned us, we turned 
suddenly toward the city of Columbia, struck the Saluda about two miles 
west of the city. We destroyed the bridges over Broad river, to prevent 
the "Rebs," who had hastened from Augusta as soon as they had discov- 
ered Sherman's real design, from getting into our front. The rebels, 
having no pontoons, were obliged to keep marching up the stream, and 
by this operation we left them far in the rear. We now behold the capi- 
tal of the State in flames, fired by their own men. It was where the first 
spark of secession ignited, which from a little spark kindled into a great 
conflagration. We did not enter the city, but passed within two miles 
of it, going in the direction of Winnsboro ; went into camp for the night. 

Feb. 18, through 21st. We have come to the conclusion that nothing 
can stop Sherman's army, for wherever he undertakes to go, go he will. 



ri2 RECORD OK THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

He plays his part so well that he vexes the "Johnnies," and it is hard for 
them to tell in what direction we are travelling or at what place we shall 
strike next. We cause them much trouble and anxiety. All the way 
from Atlanta to Savannah we have (the left wing) done the feinting and 
threatening, while the right has obtained the prize for which we sought ; 
and since we left Savannah we have been acting on the same plan, and 
now, for the third time, we are feinting Charlotte, while the point that 
we design to reach is Fayetteville. To-day, the 21st, finds us in camp 
at \Vinnsboro, having made the march in two days from Columbia. We 
have thoroughly destroyed the track of the South Carolina railroad as we 
came, twisting the rails into all kinds of shapes. We are resting for the 
night and shall march in the morning. 

Feb. 22. Our cavalry was ordered to the front, this morning. The 
14th corps is marching within supporting distance in their rear, and are 
destroying the railroad as they go, while the 20th is heading for the 
ocean. We have made good marching, to-day, which has resulted in 
sore feet and a late supper, but we have been repaid for it, as we have 
outwitted the rebels. We have halted for the night. 

Feb. 23. After the hard march of yesterday, we were up before day- 
break, this morning, and on our way, in the direction of Charlotte, when 
suddenly the army took a swing on a grand right wheel, and we are 
moving rapidly towards Fayetteville. We have marched through a pelt- 
ing rain-storm, over rocky roads, through swamps, wading knee-deep in 
mud and water, and by the skillful movement of Kilpatrick we crossed 
the Catawba without opposition. It was just at dark, the roads were 
horrible, and yet all night long we have struggled on through swamps 
and over streams, the bridges having been destroyed by the "Rebs." 
Comrades of the 33d, do you remember how we stood up to our waists 
in water and mud, laying pontoons, building corduroy crossings over 
treacherous places in the swamps, of moving in the glare of torches, or 
lost in the shadows of the forests ? 

Feb. 24 Has come, but brought us no improvement ; it only makes 
the difficulties of the route more apparent. Weary and hungry, we have 
floundered on through mud and rain and camped for the night. 

Feb. 25-26. It has continued to rain for both days and not much 
prospect of fair weather. We are in camp at "Hanging Rock" and are 
waiting for the 14th corps to cross the Catawba river. Both wings of 
the army are very close to each other, for the first time since we crossed 
the Salthatchie. The sun has at last shone out upon us, and the pros- 
pect is fair weather. We shall not march from here until the 14th corps 



RKCORD OF rilK :VM> MASS. Vol.UNTEKR INFAX l'R\ . 1 I :; 

has got well started on the road. 'I'lius have we passed these two days 
witli wet feet and wet clothes, and to-ni^ht we are in good spirits over 
the news that Charleston is occupied hv our troops. 

Feb. 27-8. We ha\e been moving slowly and cautiously along, mak- 
ing short marches, and shall get into camp about the middle of the after- 
noon. A portion of the 15th corps have captured lsirkw(jod and Cam 
den, two towns near the Wateree river, 36 miles from Columbia and 1 10 
miles from .Augusta. The latter contains 200 houses and 1000 inlialMtants. 
'Hie ]jrinc:i[)al buildings are an jacadcnn- and three chm-ches. Two 
battles were fought here during the war ol die revolution, one Aug. 10, 
I 7S0, in which our army, under Cm. Cates, was defeated by the British, 
under Lord Cornwallis ; the other. .April 3, 1781, between (ien. (ireene 
and Lord Flawdon. (^ur boys destro\ed the bridge, railroad depot, a 
number of stores, took several i)risoi)ers and ])urned a large amount of 
<'otton and tobacco. 

M.A.RCH 1. (Jur right wing is ])ushing forward (luite rapidly, while we 
(the left) are not so fortunate, though we ha\e made good marches and 
laid our pontoons with speed, but the heavy rains and l)ad roads have 
delayed our progress much. We are marching on Cheraw. 

March 2. We have camped, to-night, having marched 20 miles since 
daylight, this morning, and driving before us some "Johnny Rebs" who 
opposed our advance. 

March ^. One division of our cor[)s (the 20th) gained the bridge at 
Thompson's creek, last night, and to-day some of the i 7th corps have 
crossed over and succeeded in entering the town of Clieraw. Here the 
"Rebs" had made a stand, and in looking out over their works, 

"They esjiied dIcI "tSilly" a coming. 

And then they turned upon their heels 
.■\nd did some splendid running,"' 

leaving 25 cannon in Sherman's hands, while they retreated over the Pe- 
dee and burned the bridge after them. 

March 4. Cheraw is ours, and from the captured cannon was fired a 
salute in honor of the inauguration of our President for his second term. 
We have captured several thousand small arms, besides a bountiful sup- 
ply of commissary stores ; and now, for the first time since our leaving 
Savannah, we met the right wing. Without any delay we are again in 
motion and are marching on Fayetteville, North Carolina. 

March 5-6. With a bright sun, good breeze and dry roads, we are 
not discouraged at the long march before us. The army is marching 



114 RECORD OF THE 3Sd MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

upon three separate roads, within supporting distance of each other, and 
can be united at any moment, in case of an emergency. Kilpatrick is 
upon our left flanlc, the j.4th corps is upon our right. We have laid 
pontoons over the river at Sneedsboro. Our cavalry has crossed oven 
while we marched farther do\\-n the river and are now in camp. This 
move was made in order to save time. It is now midnight. 

March 7. Camped, this morning, on the east bank of the Pedee. 
Our army covers a strip of county 40 miles wide. We have an abun- 
dance of supplies. To-day is sunny and bright and we all appear to be 
as happy and contented as can be expected. We started on our way 
about noon and plodded along until dusk and camped for the night in a 
grove of pines. 

March 8. We have made a march of 14 miles, to-day, crossing the 
line that divides South from North Carolina, It has rained all day ; 
quite a contrast from yesterday, and to-night we pitch our tents in mud 
and water. But amid all this, the boys are cheerful. 

March 9-10. As we have travelled along, to-day, 1 can behold a dif- 
ference between the two States. We have passed over several planta- 
tions, through nice corn and cotton fields, the fences in good order, the 
buildings well built, look clean and thrifty and show that an interest is 
taken in the management of affairs. We are informed that we are en- 
tering a State which has suffered for its Union sentiment, and that many 
of its inhabitants are waiting the opportunity to embrace the old flag 
once more. In an agricultural point of view, I think it far superior to 
South Carolina. We are now moving in a northerly direction; the 14th 
is moving rapidly and is within a short distance of Fayetteville. It is 
raining hard and we are drenched to the skin. 

March II. Up again, this morning. The boys appear bright and 
cheerful, after having been marching through rain, mud and swamps 
both night and day, enduring hardship and exposure to both Hfe and 
limb, and the best of all, it is done in good humor and without grum- 
bling. Thus we have passed nearly all of our time in wading swamps, 
cutting down trees, building bridges in water to our waists, not a dry rag 
on us, and on we move until the morning of 

March 12. We have met a portion of our right wing in the town 
of Fayetteville for the first time since our leaving Cheraw, and we met 
as soldiers love to meet their brave comrades on the battle-field. 

March 13-14 Were passed at Fayetteville, during which time we de- 
stroyed a large amount of valuable property. It is a seat of justice in 
Cumberiand county, North Carolina, on the right bank of Cape Fear riv- 



RECORD OF THE 83r) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXEAXTRV. I I c^ 

er, about 60 miles south of Raleigh. It stands at the head of boat navi- 
gation and is the centre of a very extensive inland trade in grain, flour, 
tobacco, cotton and naval stores. We take possession of this property 
by a double right. It was originally the property of the United States 
and was stolen from us, and to-day it is ours by right of conquest. Ev- 
ery building was burned, every piece of machinery was split up, broken 
and ruined, and nmch valuable property destroyed or cast into the river. 

March 15. Our order of march has been changed. W^e expect 
some warm work by to-morrow, or next day sure. We have had a 
heavy shower, with thunder and lightning, which has made a wet camp 
and added some extra weight to cur clothes, but we have made the dis- 
tance required for to-day. The 20th ami 14th corps, with Kilpatrick's 
cavalry, are now marching on the Cape Fear River road, passing through 
Averysboro, direct to Raleigh. The right wing is moving towards the 
east, but it is within supporting distance. 

March 16. Our troops have been fighting all day. The blood of 
our brave boys has again watered Southern soil ; many lie maimed and 
bleeding, to-night. Two divisions of the 20th corps went forward to 
support the cavalry and found the enemy strongly entrenched, x^fter 
four hours of hard fighting, we silenced their guns in position, and we 
went in with a rush upon their flank, at the same time advancing our 
whole line. The rebels ran, leaving behind three pieces of artillery and 
nearly 200 prisoners. Our loss was 600 killed and wounded. Our first 
division sustains the greatest loss. Capt. Grafton of the 2d Massachu- 
setts is killed. Col. iSIorse of the same regiment was wounded, but not 
seriously. The 2d and 33d Massachusetts regiments are the only repre- 
sentatives of the old Bay State. Thus closes a sad day to many of us. 
Heavy musket firing along the lines, to-night. Many wounded are be- 
ing carried to the rear, and many dead are lying where they fell. 

March 17. Early this morning the rebels evacuated their stronghold 
and fell back to Averysboro, and i" their haste they forgot to take their 
pickets with them, so they fell into our hands. They tell us that their 
loss of yesterday was heavy. One of our divisions is now guarding the 
train, while we have made a right wheel and are going in the direction 
of Smithfit'ld and Bentonville. The main body of the army is moving in 
the direction of Goldsboro. 

March 18. Until to-day our march has been in the direction of Ral- 
eigh, but we seem to be making for Goldsboro, and we are going upon 
parallel roads and are so near each other that we can have support at 
any time. The country through which we are passing is well cultivated, 



I 1 6 RPXORD OV THE 3;^i» MASS. VOLUNTEER INFAXTKV 

rich farm lands, good liouses, well built, plenty of everything, and we 
boys are getting our fill. 

March 19. The enemy, now seeing that our aim was Goldsboro and 
not Raleigh, called together their combined force, moved to Bentonville 
and there entrenched. Slocum, moving in the same direction, came 
suddenly and n.nexpectedly upon them. He thought that it was.but a 
small detachment at our front, but to our surprise, vre had Johnston, 
Hardee and the whole rebel force on our hands. Our position was one 
full of peril. A courier was despatched to Gen. Sherman, informing him 
of the peril we were in, and at the same time we chose a position and 
))Osted our artillery so as to sweep the enemy's entire front. Morgan's 
division advanced one-half mile. The "Rebs," seeing so small a force, 
suddenly advanced in overwhelming numbers, hurled it back to the 
strong line which Slocum had selected. They captured three guns. 
We hastily threw up breastworks of rails and earth, and patiently wailed 
for the rest of the army to come to our aid. The 14th corps and the 
balance of the 30th appeared in sight, and at double-quick speed they 
soon got the positions that were assigned them. It was now 4 o'clock 
in the afternoon, and we had hardly got ready when Johnston's army 
came marching boldly down in three massive columns. The onset was 
one of the most desperate of the war. Column followed column in suc- 
cession, determined to carry our position at any sacrifice. From the 
galling fire of our batteries and the terrible lire of the infantry, we broke 
them and sent them reeling backwards, when the second column came 
on as desperate, but right in their path was Davis' corps (of Chickamau- 
ga fame) who rolled them back in a broken and disorderly condition. 
This attack was commenced and finished in al)Out one hour. In that 
lime the enemy made six successive charges. The last charge broke, 
for a moment, our li):te, bu.t it recovered its position and went in with 
such determination that, baffled and discouraged, they fell back to their 
intrenchments. So close and murderous was this combat, that piles of 
the '"Rebs" lay dead within our lines and around the generals' headquar- 
ters. P'or the time it lasted, it was one of the hardest battles of the war 
and the only serious one fought between Atlanta and Raleigh. We as- 
certained afterwards that Sherman expected this battle, but did not in- 
tend to have it thrown entirely on Slocum alone. The next day we got 
word to stand fast, when who should come to our relief but Howard ; 
then some more hard fighting was done throughout the day, and, Johns- 
ton, seeing that we were pressing heavily against him, skedaddled in the 
night and left the road open to Goldsboro. "No better fighting was seen 
during the war than at Bentonville on the 19th of March, 1S65, for 



RFXTtRD OF THK 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. I 17 

Johnston had double tlie number of men that Slocum had, and a less 
able general would have been overborne." — J. T. Headley. It will 
thus be seen that all of the real heavy fighting between Savannah and 
Raleigh was done by Slocum's left wing, and Bentonville was Slocum's 
battle. From the day he started until now he has not made a single 
mistake, and fullv justified the confidence that Sherman and his boys 
had reposed in him. 

March 20. To-day finds us in a strong position, which the "Rebs" 
Avill not attempt to force. Johnston hoped to catch us, yesterday, and 
give us ''fits," but we have repulsed him with a severe loss. Our loss is 
1500 killed and wounded; theirs cannot be less than 3000 killed and 
wounded. To-night the detachments that have been guarding the trains 
of the 14th and .loth have been moved up to our line. We expect some 
more fun soon. 

March 21. Hard fighting and skirmishing all day, from right to left. 
The rebel line is across the Bentonville road. Johnston has his entire 
force concentrated here. We held a good position and they have re- 
peated their afsaults, but have been repulsed with heavy loss. We have 
succeeded in carrying two of their lines of intrenchments. Night has 
set in. The musketry rattles and we are hurling shot and shell into the 
rebel camp. 

March 22. Another victory. Johnston has gone with his army and 
left the field in our possession. We have driven him to "Fiddler's 
Green," and captured prisoners at every point. Our reconnoissance of 
yesterday must have been the cause of his sudden departure ; and Will- 
iam T.'s campaign thus far looms up. The 20th corps has gained for it- 
self a splendid reputation, therefore we should thank Heaven and be hap- 
py. We have entered Goldsboro at last, having been delayed somewhat 
by Johnston's operations, but it has not interfered with Sherman's plans. 
\Ve are promised a rest and shall probably get clothed up, and we need 
it, for we are ragged, bareheaded, shoeless, and we want covering for our 
naked lim'ns. The boys appear to be cheerful, anrl a few days' rest from 
active duty and our needed wants supplied, we will be ready for another 
move. 

March 23. We are all glad that we have found a place of rest, after 
the fatigues and marches which we have just accomplished. We have 
done a great work and gained important ends. Here we are safe and 
sound, after 10 months of marchmg, working and fighting. 

March 24. Upon our arrival at Goldsboro, we found Gen. Schofield, 
who had entered the place two days in advance of us. He outgener- 
alled the '"Rebs" at Kingston and caused them to retreat, leaving their 



Il8 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

dead and wounded in our hands, besides several hundred prisoners. 
When we boys who had traversed Georgia and the CaroHnas beheld our 
old comrades of the West, an exciting scene followed. Cheer after cheer 
rent the air. It was a soldier's jubilee. Our campaign is over and 
Sherman has given us until the loth of April to rest and re-fit, prepara- 
tory to the next move. This is cheering to all the boys, and we expect 
a suit of clothes before leaving for another campaign. The '"Rebs" now 
admit that Sherman has outwitted them all, and they give him the name 
of the "Yankee Flanker," as follows : 

V 

"If the devil had Sherman fast in h — 11, 

He would break his centre, flank him out, 
And soon in heaven would dwell." 

The darkies tell us : 

"Brave Sherman, sent by God's decree, 

Has led the Yankees through the South, 
And set four million 'niggers' free." 

Thus endeth the 40 days' campaign, during which time we have 
marched 531 miles, laying waste everything in our track for the space o^ 
50 miles wide. And now. in the pine forests and fields around Golds- 
boro, the tents of the army are pitched and the toil-worn boys are tak- 
ing a rest. 

March 25. Well, since leaving Hardeesville, we have marched 
through the heart of South Carolina, living off the country as we went, 
destroyed everything before us, including houses, cotton-gins, and left 
many a woman and child in a state of starvation. It will beat all the 
raids that we have made yet. It will take years to put it back into shape, 
as it was when we first marched into it. We met with but very little op- 
position at the start, but the latter part of our campaign was hotly con- 
tested, and the boys are deserving of much credit for the way in which 
they did it. Only four corps to meet the combined forces of Johnston^ 
Hardee, Beauregard, Bragg and their cavalry. It was fearful fighting, 
but we have punished them severely. Our loss will not exceed 3000. 
1 am satisfied that the enemy's loss is heavy. I prefer not to make an 
estimate. Howard buried 167 rebel dead and took 1287 prisoners. 
We, of Slocum's corps, buried nearly 200 rebels and took about 400 
prisoners. Our regiment lost one killed, 1 1 wounded. We marched 
through the village of Goldsboro with flying colors and proceeded two 
miles beyond, and have gone into camp, and we are feeling well over 
the victory we have achieved. 

March 26. All goes well. The hard-tack, sugar and coffee have 



RECORD OF THE o3i) MASS. VOLUNTEER LXFAXTRV 



119 



come to us, and we are on full rations again ; but after all, it is nothing 
to be -compared with the '"40 days in the wilderness," consuming cattle, 
hogs, sheep, poultry, cured meats, corn meal and other things too nu- 
merous to mention. The first mail that we have received since January 
iithcame to-day, and you can imagine our feelings as we heard the 
sound, "Fall in for your mail." I have received five and they bring me 
the good news that all are well at home. 

March 27. Quite busy fixing up my tent. Received a letter from 
Owens ; he is at Chattanooga, Tenn. ; he will soon join us once more ; 
we shall be glad to see him. Co. VL is ([uite small as to numbers and 
our turn for duty comes often. 

March 28. A beautit'ul day and (juite warm. Our mails are running 
regularly once more. On guard at headquarters. 

March 29. Came off guard, this forenoon. We have received the 
sad news of the deatli of Henry A. Friar. Comrade Friar was born in 
Stowe, Mass., June 24th, 1840. He was the son of Henry S. Friar. 
He enlisted at Westford, July 22d, 1862. As he was anxious to enter 
the service, he enlisted in Co. E, 33d regiment, then commanded by 
Capt. W. H. H. Hinds. He served with the regiment but a short time, 
for while on the march to Gettysburg he was taken ill with chronic diar- 
rhoea and was sent to the hospital. His death occurred Feb. ist, 1863, 
at Chattanooga, Tenn. His career as a soldier was short, but a good 
one, and his many excellent traits of character endeared him to all of 
his comrades. His remains were sent home and repose in the cemetery 
at Fitchburg. May we ever cherish his memory. 

March 30. In camp. Our stay here will be short. The weather 
has been beautiful since our arrival at this place. 

March 31. Everything thus far has worked well and we now hope 
the last blow is about to be struck which will end in the overthrow of the 
rebellion and gladden the heart of many a "soldier boy." We all wish 
this cruel war was over, and though we have got them in a tight place, 
they will fight, but we hope to satisfy them ere long with all the "fight" 
they want. 

April i. On guard, to-day, at headcjuarters. Full supplies of cloth- 
ing and food have been brought to camp, and all things are working 
well. 

April 2. We are to have until the loth of this month to rest and re- 
fit, preparatory to the next move. On all the slopes around Goldsboro 
the tents of the army are pitched and the toil-worn veterans are having a 
hoUday. 



I20 RECORD OF THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER INIv\NTRY. 

April 3, to 9th. Our quartermaster has supplied us with shoes and 
clothing and everything necessary for another campaign. An order has 
just been given to move towards Wddon, and just as we were about 
ready for a start, we got the news of the fall of Petersburg and Rich- 
mond. As this glorious news passed through the camps, shout after 
shout went up till the heavens rang. Of course, this new aspect of af- 
fairs has caused a change in the programme, and. in the language of 
Capt. Hinds, "'we must give our undivided attention to the Rebel Johns- 
ton." I think our long campaigns are ended and I am not sorry. An 
officer on Gen. Butterfield's staff, v/ho was taken prisoner at the same 
time, with Sergeant Jubb, made his escape from the rebel prison at Au- 
gusta, Ga., and arrived into our lines a few days ago. He left Jubb in 
prison ; was well when he left him. He told us that while Jubb was in 
Charleston, S. C, he made his escape, and after travelling the distance 
of loS miles, was recaptured. He is closely watched and it will be hard 
for him to get away again. There were two others of Co. E that were 
taken prisoners at the same time — Albert Shattuck of Groton, Mass., 
and Corporal William T. Wright of Townsend, Mass. Both are dead 
They died on board a transport from Charleston to Augusta. Both were 
nice young men and brave soldiers. Peace to their ashes. (This Sergt. 
Jubb is now a resident of Fitchburg, Mass., and is ready to impart to 
any one the story of the treatment he received while a prisoner in "Reb- 
eldom"). Buckley, Ackroyd and myself are all right, and we hope that 
ere long we shall have a safe return home to our friends and loved ones, 
and 

"Beneath the starry flag, 

We shall breathe the air again 

Of the free-land, in our own beloved home." 

At last, the fortune of war has changed, and we are informed that our 
time is up which was allotted to us for a rest, and the order is that we 
shall march in the morning. 

April 10. We were on our taps at the sound of the bugle. We par- 
took of our coffee and "tack," and at 7 a. m. took up our Hne of march 
in the direction of Smithfield, where the enemy lay. As we advanced, 
the "Rebs" retired towards Raleigh, destroying the bridges on the way, 
but we followed on, until the morning of the 13th, about 9 o'clock, we 
received the news of Lee's surrender. It flew like wild-fire through the 
army, and we went crazy with excitement. Cheer succeeded cheer, and 
shout followed shout, and when tired of expressing our joy in this form, 
we began to yell as though the d— 1 had broke loose. It is said that 
Sherman was as muph excited as his brave troops, and he exclaimed : 



RFX(M<I) OK TllK X'^d MASS. VOl.rNTKKR INFANTRY. 121 

"(jlory to (iod and our glorious country !" We now moved forward, 
advancing and skirmisliiuL^ with thf" enenny, Init the sound of artillery, to- 
day, along our front sounds to our ears more like blank cartridges on a 
Fourth of July morning than the i:)relude to battle. We have gone into 
camp for the night, only 14 milts from the capital (Kaleigh) of North 
Carolina. 

April 14. Our army entered Raleigh, to-day, about noon. Here we 
halted, and it will be but for a short time, ami make preparations to fol- 
low uj) Johnston. This State having shown more loyalty througliont the 
rebellion than all the rest, we gave them the assurance that the pro])erty 
of the citizens should be jjrotected. (More anon.) 

Apkit. 15. A letter was received, to-day, l)y (ien. Sherman from Reb- 
el Johnston, asking if some arrangement could not be made to prevent 
the further useless effusion of blood. Sherman re])lies that he is ready 
to listen to anv terms k)oking to a cessation of hostilities, lohnston then 
requested a personal interview, and about noon, to-day, .April i6th, the 
two met u])on the road, and advancing, shook hands more like two old 
comrades meeting after a long se])aration than men who had for a year 
been seeking each other's destruction. Johnston now asks for four days' 
cessation of hostilities, which "our William" refuses to grant, but a meet- 
ing for the next day. April i 7th, was fixed upon, and at the same hour 
they met, and terms of surrender were arranged which embraced other 
than military matters, (len. Sherman, not feeling authorized to deal 
with them, consented to an armistice until they could l)e forwarded to 
Washington. During this armistice, both armies are kept in precisely 
the same position, and while we were awaiting the result, the following 
general order was read to the whole army : 

liE.VIIOl AKTKRS AkMV (>1- ( il-.c IK(a.\, | 

Near .Sneedsboro, N. C, March 7, 1865. ) 

GHNF.RAL URDKRS, N... 8. 

.Ml officers and soldiers of thi> command arc reminded thai the .State of North 
Carolina was one of the last States that jiassed the Ordinance of Secession, and that 
from the commencement of the war there has l)een in the State a strong Union par- 
ty. Her action on the question of Secession was undoubtedly brought aliout by the 
traitorous acts of other States, and iiy intrigue and tlishonestv on the part of a few of 
her own citizens. The act never even met the approval of the great mass of her 
people. It should not be assumed that llie inhabitants are enemies to our govern- 
ment, and it is to be hoped that every effort will be made tn ]ir('\fnt an\ \\anton de- 
struction of property or any unkind treatment of citizen^. 

Bv rommand of 

MAj. (.i:n. ii. w. sloclm, 

ROBT DKrHKRV. Capt. a nd A. A. G. 
16 



122 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

April i 8. I'hrough the blessings of a kind Providence, another day 
has dawned upon us, and the best of it all is, a stillness rests over the 
thousands that are in camp who are thinking that prosperity has attend- 
ed our arms and that the messenger of peace has at last come, and it 
causes so many hearts to rejoice in the overthrow of the Southern Con- 
federacy, and to know that our country which has been involved in war 
for the four years, nearly, past, is about to be restored back to its former 
state, and as it was, so shall it be, "One Country." The people of this 
State were given distinctly to understand that in case forcible resist- 
ance to the laws was attempted by them, the attempt would be resisted 
by the combined power of the other States. Carolina was one of those 
proud States whose arms had defended, and her blood help cement this 
happy Union. But, to-day, her peace and prosperity is defaced, the 
protection of our flag is renounced, and the name of Americans she dis- 
cards. And for what? To throw away inestimable blessings for a sepa- 
rate independence, and by a bloody conflict with her neighbors and a 
vile dependence on a foreign power. We now see it a place where the 
wretched and oppressed find a refuge and support ; deluded by men 
who were themselves deceived, and attempted to deceive others. 

April 19. When we left Goldsboro, we contemplated a campaign of 
30 days, but we were happily disappointed, for in four days we overtook 
Johnston's army and penned them. The two generals are now holding 
an interview and we are awaiting the result. 

April 20. We have just received the painful intelligence of the death 
of Abraham Lincoln, the President of these United States, by the hand 
of an assassin. But though he is dead, he will always live in the hearts 
of his soldiers, for he was the soldier's friend. And now, peace being 
about to dawn upon a land which has been so long deluged in blood, 
and as we believe that they, too, have had a hand in the plot which 
caused the death of a great and good man, therefore if Johnston and his 
army do not surrender, vengeance shall be paid upon him and his fol- 
lowers ; we will not spare them, "neither root nor branch." This is the 
feeling of the 20th army corps, to-day. 

April 21. I paid a visit to the city, to-day. I went the length and 
breadth of it. It is quite a pretty city, but nothing to be compared with 
what we have at the North. It is a city and seat of justice in Wake 
county ; also the capital of North Carohna, situated on the ^Vest side of 
the Neuse river and 60 miles north of Fayetteville and 123 miles north 
of Newbern. The seat of government was fixed in 1791. It is very 
regularly built and contains the county and State buildings, also a bank? 
theatre and two academies. In the centre stands Union square of 10 



RECORD OF THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER IX?"ANTRY. I 23 

acres, and in the centre of this square is the State liouse. From Union 
square, branches at right angles to each other, four large streets of 99 
feet in width. These wide streets sub-divide the city into four quarters, 
which are again sub-divided l)y four other streets 56 feet wide, with 
squares of four acres each, cjuite pretty. The State house is handsomely 
surrounded witli shade trees. Among the principal places worthy of 
note are "Frog Level," ''Vinegar Hill" and "i)evirs Half Acre." "Vin- 
gar Hill" derives its name from the people that live upon it, they being 
so sour-looking. We also paid a visit to the lunatic asylum, a building 
500 feet long, built of granite. It contains about 300 inmates ; some 
were not so crazy as we su})posed them to be. I conversed with one, 
and he liad a great desire to see the "Yanks." There were others who 
wore hard-looking countenances, and one who has been in for nine 
years. They have had good fare and good treatment, so I am informed. 
We returned back to camp. Thus you have a description of Raleigh 
We have not heard the result of the armistice as yet, l)ut we hope to 
hear of his (Johnston's) surrender soon. 

April 22. The last battle has been fought. Victory I We are free. 
The war is over and peace is once more restored. We have gone into 
camp and shall remain for a few days, until preparations shall be made 
for a homeward march. It will take some time to arrange matters and 
things. What a thrill of happiness there must be at home to those who 
have so long desired this cruel war to be over, and you can rest assured 
that when Johnston acknowledged his allegiance to Sherman, we boys 
had a little time of rejoicing. When the news reached us, I was in bed, 
time 12 o'clock at night. A shout went through the camp, "Turn out ; 
Johnston has surrendered." And I did turn out, "you bet." We 
cheered and cheered, threw our caps high up in the air, the bands 
played, cannon were fired, and it was kept up all along the whole line 
until da)light. And ought we not to rejoice? for the past three years, 
we who have undergone long, tedious and wearisome marches, deprived 
of home and its privileges, endured toil, fatigue and dangers only known 
to the soldier? But now it is ended and we join with all loyal hearts in 
singing, "Glory to God in the highest, peace on earth, good will to 
man." Yes, we will rejoice, we will hiirrah, we will shout, ring the bells, 
each and every one in honor of brave Sherman and his boys ; likewise 
to U. S. Grant and his followers, but let us not forget an .'\ll-wise and 
good Being who has helped us on to victory and crowned our efforts 
with success. 

April 23. Buckley has received a letter from Sergt. Jubb. He has 
been exchanged and is at home ; will report to his regiment in a short 



124 KECOKL) OF THE 3od .MASS. V'OLUXTEEK INFANTRY. 

time. We have intornied him by letter that the Chelmsford boys are all 
right side rip with care; lucky boys, hey? We have got to go on re- 
view, to-morrow ; the corps is to be reviewed by Gen. Sherman, there- 
fore I must make i)reparations for it. 

April 24. The grand review came off, to-day, and it was by iar tlic 
greatest display of the kind that has ever been seen in North Carolina^ 
It was witnessed with great satisfaction, not only by the officers and men 
of the federal army, but also by a large number of citizens. At the close 
of our review, I was accosted by an elderly man who was considerably 
astonished. Said he, "I have been looking at a heap of you Yankees, 
but I have not seen any of them with horns on yet. I was told only a 
few days ago that you'uns had horns." We explained the matter to him 
as best we could, and then proceeded on our way to camp. Gen. Sher- 
man's headquarters are at the Palace, the house previously occupied by 
the governor of the State, and from which he fled previous to our arriv- 
al. I copy the following from the Dails' Progress, a paper printed in 
Raleigh, N. C., (a copy of which I still have in my possession to this 
day) : "A number of gentlemen citizens have called to pay their respects 
to the great '.hieftain, and all came away well pleased with his frankness 
of manner and agreeable bearing. He is a gentleman of excellent fig- 
ure, tall and as straight as an arrow and of commanding presence. Gen. 
Slocum : This gentleman, the right bower of Gen. Sherman, and one of 
the most successful of the generals in the federal army, commands the 
14-th and 20th corps. He is a gentleman of most agreeable and easy 
manners, of hue conversational powers and fascinating address. There 
5S none of the appearance of the savage about him and we would as soon 
have taken him for a poet, painter or searcher after abstract theories as 
the great warrior that he is. No one can spend a half-hour in his com. 
pany without being most favorably impressed.'' 

April 25. The 5th Ohio cavalry were the first troops that showed 
the stars and stripes on the streets of this city, and to hoist the old tiag 
from the State house. The deportment of these troops during their stay 
v^as excellent, and they made a most favorable impression on all who 
came in contact with them. The ist division of the 23d corps is guard- 
ing the post-office at the capital. They are ordered to protect the per- 
sons and property of citizens. The city is well guarded and compara- 
tive quiet prevails. There is a guard posted at every private residence, 
in fact, everywhere desired. 



RECORD OF THK 33i) MASS. VOLUNTKER INFANTRY. 12^ 

April 26. I-'rom the Daily Progress, Raleigh, N. C, April 15, 1865 : 

General Sherman Occupies Raleigh. 
'IHK \\' m; is ovkk*. 

On Tuesday last, the confederate army commenced passing through 
this city, retreating westward, and on Thursday morning the rear guard 
disappeared, and as it was lost sight of at the head of Hillsboro street, 
the head of Gen. Kilpatrick's column api)earcd at the foot of Fayette- 
ville street. The city had been surrendered by the local authorities, who 
had received a promise of protection for persons and property from the 
federal general, and the entrance of the advancing column was as quiet 
as a gala day parade. The old flag was at once suspended from the 
capitol flag-staff and its appearance was hailed with joy by the troops 
and most of the citizens who were present. The morning was very in- 
clement, however, and but few persons were out. Mayor Harrison and 
the board of commissioners and Hon. K. Rayner, who accompanied 
iheui to confer with (len. Sherman, deserve much credit for the 
manner in which they surrendered the city and procured protection for 
the citizens. Kilpatrick's cavalry passed rapidly but orderly through 
town, and the general had guards stationed until the 14th army corps ar- 
rived, when the cavalry guards were relieved by (len. Hobart's brigade, 
and guards were placed at the house of every citizen who requested it, 
and throughout the day and night the most perfect order was main- 
tained, and so tar this community has but little, if anvthing, to com- 
plain of. 

.And now a word to the people of North Carolina. VVe have been 
jileading for peace for the last two years, but the Slate and confederate 
authorities insisted on fighting it out, and as it has been evidently fought 
out, we now appeal to the peo])le of the State to submit to the laws and 
authority of the United States and stop the worse than useless shedding 
of blood. There can be no use nor reasonable excuse for continuing 
the struggle. The army of Gen. Johnston consists of only some 35,000 
men, of all arms. The men are jaded, worn out, dispirited and despond- 
ent, and unless he capitulates now he' will be destroyed before he can 
get out of the State. 

Taking, then, all these facts into consideration, there is no course left 
the people of North Carolina and of the South but to ground their arms 
and return to their allegiance. We most devoutly trust that Jefferson 
Davis and other leaders will yield to the inexorable logic of events and 
tender to the United States authorities a full and final surrender of all 
armed opposition to its authority. There is no peace, no prosperity, no 
safety for the people of North (Carolina but in the old government and 
under the old flag, and we advise them to cease to war upon the one, 
and refuse to receive the protection of the other. 

The contest now being, according to all human calculations, a hope- 
less one, a further sacrifice of life by Mr. Davis and the leaders will be 
nothing but deliberate murder. We call upon our leading men, in the 
name of good government, and for the sake of humanity, to e.xert them- 
selves and use their influence to put a stop to this carnival of death. 



126 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

(I copied this tliree days before Johnston's surrender). The "Reb" 
cavalry told the citizens, previous to taking their departure, that the fed- 
erals would have all the babies fried up for breakfast, and the women 
roasted for dinner; but upon our arrival, the first thing done waste 
leave a guard at every house for the protection of both women and their 
babies. They all became sunshine at once, notwithstanding there was a 
drizzling rain. Tliey torgot all about being cooked and betook them- 
selves to cooking for the "b'hoys." The day passed quietly away, and 
the next morning, after a good night's rest, we all awoke feeling that we 
had slept in the United States. 

April 27. But the scene changes. We now hail the prospect of 
peace with pleasure ; but the terms which Gen. Sherman sent to Wash- 
ington, the government have refused to accept. Gen. Grant was imme- 
diately sent down to assume direction of affairs, and took precisely the 
same terms that had been offered to Sherman. The whole North is 
filled with rejoicings over the grand successes of our armies. From all 
the cities, towns and villages we have accounts of illuminations, ringing 
of bells, firing of cannon and all manner of demonstrations. We have 
just been informed that the last mrjl goes out, to-day, and those wishing 
to improve the opportunity of writing home, can do so. We are now 
making active preparations for a march home, via Richmond, then to 
Washington. It will take four or five days to accomplish it, for it is 
quite warm and sultry. I copy the following compliment paid to Sher- 
man's army before leaving for home : 

Headquarters Army of Georgia, } 
Raleigh, N. C, May 6th, 1865. ( 

(;ENERAL ORDER, No. . 

I beg to express, in the most emphatic manner, my entire satisfaction with the 
tone and temper of the whole army. Nothing seems to dampen their energy, zeal or 
cheerfulness. It is impossible to conceive a march involving more labor and expos- 
ure, yet I cannot recall an instance of bad temper by the way, or of hearing an ex- 
pression of doubt as to our perfect success in the end. I believe that this cheerful- 
ness and harmony of action reflects upon all concerned quite as much real honor and 
fame as "battles gained" or "cities won," and I therefore commend all generals, staff 
officers and men for these high qualities, in addition to the more soldierly ones of 
obedience to orders and the alacrity they have always manifested when danger sum- 
moned them to the front. 

\V. T. SHERMAN, Major-Gemra! Commanding. 

May 7. Upon our arrival at camp, I was pretty well used up and was 
obliged to have transportation furnished me by my regimental surgeon, 
Dr. Webb, as I was entirely unable to march with my regiment, which 
left for Washington, this morning. Shall go to Richmond, to-night. 

May 8. I left Richmond, to-day, on the steamer "Vineland." One 
of our transports plying between this place and Washington, D. C, was 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



127 



on the water two tiays and two nights. Came down the James river, up 
the Chesapeake Bay to Cape Lookout, then up the Potomac, passing 
City Point and Fortress Monroe, arriving at Alexanihia, Va., about noon 
of May I 2th. Went into cam]) and shall wait until the regiment arrives^ 
which will be in a few days. Here I met, for the first time for nearly a 
year, Sergeant Jubb, who left us at Dallas, or "Burnt Hickory," as a pris- 
oner. He was glad to see his old comrades once more and we were 
right glad to shake the frientily hand with him, for we all had supposed 
him dead until we heard of his being a prisoner during our stay at Golds- 
boro. 

M.A.V 21. In camp at the Soldiers' Rest. The regiment has arrived, 
the boys are feeling pretty well after their march, and such "cawing" of 
crows, as the boys captured quite a number during their march over the 
battle-field of the "Wilderness," and have made them pets of the regi- 
ment. The review will take place next Tuesday (the 24th), after which 
preparations will be made for our return home. We are hoping soon to 
bid adieu to a soldier's life. We are having beautiful weather, with now 
and then a refreshing shower. Started, to-night, for the coinpany. 

May 22. We are now encamped at Cloud's Mill, Alexandria, Va. 
getting ready for the review. The day is fine. Quite busy times with 
the sutlers now. The two-cent butter ,and the five-cent cheese man is 
"played out." I cannot find much that is worthy of note. 

May 23. The Army of the Potomac was reviewed, to-day. The war- 
worn veterans were gladly welcomed. It was a most imposing demon- 
stration. Places of business were generally closed and hundreds of 
thousands were in the streets to welcome the brave defenders of the 
"Star Spangled Banner." Grant, Sherman and Sheridan have done their 
work bravely, and their fellow-warriors, officers and privates have won 
immortal honor. Joy fills the North. Bells are rung with urvtiring ener- 
gy, cannons bayed the nation's joy. Everywhere could be seen glad- 
ness on human faces. Men clasped hands, ami the words "Victory"' 
and "Peace" were upon every tongue. But we noticed those whose 
dear ones will never return from the field of battle. Thank God that 
such precious l)lood had. not been shed in vain ! Want of space com- 
pels me to pass over other scenes, and I now leave the Army of the Po- 
tomac and return to the Army of the Cumberland, which is to be re- 
viewed, to-morrow, the 2 4lh. 

May 25. The review of Sherman's army is over. It came off, yester- 
day. It was witnessed by thousands of citizens, soldiers, and some from 
nearly all the States in the Union. We broke camp about 6 a. m. ; the 



T 28 RECORD OF THE 3Sd MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

distance was 10 miles from AV'ashington. We arrived near the Capitol 
at 9 o'clock ; rested for one hour. Everything being ready, we started 
at 10, marched around the Capitol. It was heavily draped with mourn- 
ing, over the death of our beloved President. The day was fine, and 
the streets were thronged, yet amidst the noise and bustle there was 
something which made the day solemn and sad. The nation, for four 
long years, has been deluged in blood, and as we were just beginning to 
see the end, and a lasting peace about to follow, the blow of the assassin 
laid low the chief of the nation. (I well remember his kind and appreci- 
ative words that he uttered on the 18th of March, 1S64. They were as 
follows : "This extrordinary war in which we are engaged falls heavily 
upon all classes of people, but the most heavily upon the soldier ; for it 
has been said, 'All that a man hath will he give for his life,' and while 
many contribute of their substance, the soldier puts his life at stake and 
often yields it up in his country's cause. The highest merit, then, is due 
to the soldier.") It carried feelings of revenge to every soldier's heart. 
But it may be all for the best, and that he had accomplished the mission 
that was given him to do As we now pass the south side of the Capitol, 
our attention was called to this motto : 



^ THE CHILDREN C)F THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS p-^, 

^i OF WASHINGTON WELCOMj; THE HEKOES OF THE WESTERN [4^ 

% ARMY. : f 

On leaving the Capitol, and entering into Pennsylvania avenue, was a 
beautiful arch across the street, made of evergreen and cedar ; here was 
suspended the stars and stripes. Both sides of the street were thronged 
with old and young, the small and the great. The motto read thus : 



-.A^WE WELCOME YOU, HEROES OF THE WEST, g^p.^ 
.-\. little farther on, we discern another, which reads : 



o% LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN— MISSIONARY RIDGE— ^ 

^ ATLANTA— SAY ANAH—SHILOH— STONE RIVER— GOLDSBORO. ^ 

As we proceeded up the avenue, there was another on the left. It 
showed to a good advantage as it swung from the balustrades of the 
building where Col. Cochran delivered a short speech to the 33d regi- 
ment upon its arrival, when we were en route for the front. It was this : 

<S^Sj/ WELCOME, BRAVE BOYS! '^ 



RtXORD OF THE 33n MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 129 

As we passed on, cheer upon cheer rent the air, bunting was displayed 
from every window and upon every corner, and handlcerchiefs were 
waved. It was a beautiful sight to behold. As we approached the 
chief — Sherman the hero — and "Old Sam," his favorite horse, the deaf- 
ening hurrahs that greeted him showed that the heart of the people was 
right. There stood by his side, Hooker, Butterfield and Underwood 
(our late colonel), and many other generals of note. More cheers rent 
the air, followed by bands of music. Here could be seen mottoes for 
each State, but we marched so rapidly that I copied but few of them : 



"^^1 MASSACHUSETTS IS TRUE TO HER DEFENDERS, f^-^ 



B THE SOLDIERS OF MAINE ARE EVER TRUE- 

^ THEY BOLDLY DARE, AND GREATLY DO. 



-^^ CONNECTICUT LOVES ALL, AND MOURNS FOR ALL. fc^ 



OHIO'S BRAVE BOYS ! 



GIVE THE GLAD SONS OF VERMONT WEALTH AND 
HONOR, GREATNESS AND PLENTY. 



^ INTHESONS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE OUR ^| 
^ CONFIDENCE REPOSES. ai^ 



17 



130 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

On we went, amid the noise and shouts of the multitude, until we 
went into camp near Relay Station, Maryland, on the north side of the 
Potomac river. Thus closes one of the finest reviews of the greatest and 
best armies on the continent. Here we shall remain until mustered out 
of the U. S. service and start for our homes. The marching is over and 
we are waiting for the pay-rolls to be made out and our discharges to be 
got ready. This being done, then will follow transportation, and those 
who have been so anxious for the return of their absent ones will be anx- 
ious no more. What a happy meeting it will be when we have received 
an honorable discharge and we hear the voice of the paymaster as he 
comes down with the balance of an eight months' pay and the bounty, 
exclaiming : "Well done, good and faithful soldiers, depart hence to 
the place of your own and be welcomed by your wife or sweetheart, if 
you have any." In return we will say, "Good-bye, 'Uncle Samuel,' 
three cheers for the Union, 'Richard is himself again.' " 



Camp of 330 Regt., ] 

M.'^ss.ACHUSETTS V0L.S., June 2, 1865. j 

We are still in camp. Our mustering-out papers are being made out 
as fast as possible, but the prospect is that we shall not leave for home 
before the 15th or i6th of the month, if we do then. 

June 8. Near Washington, 1). C. Still in camp, anxiously waiting, 
and with as much patience as Job ever had. It will soon be our turn to 
take the cars for old Massachusetts. Our papers are nearly completed. 
I have been busy at work on the mustering-out rolls. They will be sent 
to headquarters, to-day. Camp life is a lonesome business, as we have 
no more marching to do and no more war to think of. It does not take 
but a Utde to enlist a man into the service of his country, but a mighty 
lot of work to get him out. 

June 18. I paid a visit to the city of Washington, to-day, and went 
through it and around it. To give a full and complete account of what 
I saw will occupy much space. Washington city, capital of the United 
States and of the District of Columbia, is situated on the left bank of the 
Potomac. The buildings belonging to the United States are the Capitol, 
a large and massive building of freestone, composed of a central edifice, 
and two wings. The whole front of the building is about 360 feet. The 
wings were nearly completed when the British army, under Gen. Ross, 
in August, 1 814, made a sudden incursion and took possession of the 
city, setting fire to the Capitol, President's house and public offices, re- 



RECORD OV TIIK 33i) MASS. VOLUNTEER IXFAXTR\ . I3I 

ducing the whole to ashes, together with a vahiable and extensive libra- 
ry belonging to Congress. The foundation of the north wing was laid in 
the presence of President Washington, on the i6th of September, 1793, 
and that of the centre on the 24th of August, 181S, being the anniversa- 
ry of its destruction by the British. The President's house is built of 
freestone, two stories higli, and covered with copper, and is about a mile 
distant from the Ca])itol. There are four buildings in a line east and 
west of the President's house. These are for the accommodation of the 
principal departments of government and subordinate offices. The 
whole were of brick, two stories high, with freestone basements, and cov- 
ered with slate. The Treasury building is on 15th street, with its centre 
and main entrance opposite V street. The general post-office faces E 
and 7th street, and between 7th and 8th and E and F. The Patent of- 
fice is between 7th and 9th streets and between F and G. These three 
buildings are, as architectural specimens, ornamental to the city, but 
their material being fire-proof, is of much more importance than their el- 
egance as mere structures. The navy yard is completely enclosed with 
a lofty brick wall, a handsome gateway, nice guard rooms, a neat dwell- 
ing for the commandant, and others for different officers of the yard, ex- 
tensive warehouses and shops for blacksmiths, etc. The marine barrack 
is comfortable, well enclosed, having a handsome parade, a neat and 
commodious residence for the commandant of the corps, good houses 
for the subaltern officers, a nice armory and shops for the repair of arms, 
and will accommodate 1500 men; a substantial navy magazine and a 
house for the keeper ; a nice ibrt at the southern point of the city, 
which commands the channel of the Potomac. The improvements at 
this place are extensi\e and substantial, with storehouses, an armory, 
shops in which are made gun-carriages, etc. The Capitol square is en- 
closed by a strong and handsome iron railing, and is planted with trees 
and shrubbery, and aftbrds a delightful promenade ; also a nice window- 
glass manufactory that supplies the market, several hotels, banks, fire 
insurance companies and printing offices. A steamboat runs to Aquia 
Creek, one to .Alexandria and one from Norfolk to the city. Several 
trains arrive and depart daily to Baltimore, and several others to other 
places. The seat of government was removed here in the year 1800, 
during the presidency of John Adams. Now having seen about all that 
could be seen, I rettuned back to camp, feeling that I had been well 
paid for my tramp to the capital of this great nation. 

Junk 20. The 33d regiment camp is broken up. We pulled up 
stakes, this (Sunday) morning, bright and early, and took up our line of 



132 



RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



march en route for home. We arrived at Washington about 9 a. m. 
Here we stacked our arms and received orders to be ready for the cars 
when they should arrive. The rest can be imagined. The scenes that 
were enacted from the time of our arrival until we took our departure, 
which was at 5 p. m., would make a horse laugh. At 5 o'clock we were 
all aboard. Quite a crowd of spectators had gathered around to see the 
"conquering heroes" depart for home. I heard one lady say she had 
received a good-bye kiss from one of our officers and that she should 
not wash it off for a month. Such clapping of hands, shouting and wav- 
ing of handkerchiefs have seldom been seen. We were saluted or 
cheered all along the route until our arrival at Baltimore. This city is 
situated on the north side of the Patapsco river, 38 miles from Washing- 
ton. Its harbor is spacious and convenient. Below the city, at what is 
called Bay Narrows, is Fort Mc Henry. Baltimore is extremely well situ- 
ated for commercial connections with the valley of Ohio. The edifices 
necessary for the transaction of judicial and commercial business are 
splendid and convenient. The city contains a State penitentiary, alms- 
house, a court house, jail, a custom house, an Exchange, museum, thea- 
tre and hospital. Besides these, there are market-houses, banks and 30 
or more churches. Washington's monument, all marble, stands at the 
north end of Charles street, on an elevated spot It is a very handsome 
production of art. It is 163 feet high, exclusive of the statue of Wash- 
ington, which crowns the edifice. Another monument in North Calvert 
street, which was erected to the memory of those men who fell in de- 
fence of the city on the 12th and 13th of September, 18 14, is a hand- 
some structure. The medical college which was founded in 1807, and 
which now goes by the title of the "University of Maryland," is quite a 
pretty institution ; also two other colleges — St. Mary's and Baltimore — 
which are supported by quite a large number of students. [This was 
jotted down during my tramp through Baltimore, while on my way to 
the front in 1S62.] Our stay here was short. We proceeded on in the 
direction of Philadelphia, at which place we arrived about midnight. 
On leaving the cars, we got into line, and at the word, "Right face, for- 
ward," we marched for a mile, arriving at the same place where we were 
so hospitably entertained while on our way to the front. And here, for 
the second time, I see the face of one who three years ago took me by 
the hand and said, "Do you think you will ever come back?" How 
many times those words have rung in my ears, and how many times it 
looked dubious, but it appears to have been my lot to go and to return, 
and upon surrounding the table that was so richly loaded with good 
things, it was a proof positive that I had got back as far as Philadelphia, 



RECORD OF THE 33i> MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 



^33 



sure. No other man in the regiment had audacity enougli to eat more 
tlian I did. We shall never forget the kind friends who ministered to 
our wants in th(? City of Brotherly Love. We made but a short stop 
and were soon on our way, travelling rapidly towards New York, where 
we arrived about 1 1 o'clock the next day. The weather was clear, warm 
and bright. We did not remain long in the city, for we were all an.xious 
to get home, so we hurried on board the steamer Plymouth Rock, which 
was to leave at 5 o'clock. At the hour above mentioned, I heard the 
words of command given (but not in military style, as we had been wont 
to hear them), "Cast off your bow line," and in a few minutes we were 
going at the rate of nine "knots" per hour. After we had partaken of 
supper, we retired to the parlor, which was "between decks," and took 
our pipes and indulged in a good smoke, as it was our usual habit. A 
litde while was spent in chatting and joking, after which we adjourned 
to the "Land of Nod." About 2 a. m., another cry was made (call it 
the midnight cry if you please), "Fall in, 33d, and take the cars for Bos- 
ton." No quicker said than done, and in one short hour we were jour- 
neying homeward, post-haste. Travelling at lightning speed, we reached 
good old Boston about 10 a. m. It was a surprise to many of our 
friends, upon seeing us leave the cars at the Providence depot and 
march to the Common, for our orders were to stop at Readville and go 
into camp and there wait until we shoiild have a full discharge from the 
State. But this did not prove satisfactory to the boys, and some of the 
more "fiery" and ardent soldiers were disposed to complain of the act as 
an unjust one. The wildest confusion prevailed for a few minutes, but 
no one was seriously hurt. A compromise was soon made, and we all 
soon forgot it, so the storm blew over. Boston received us with liberali- 
ty and enthusiasm. We were cordially welcomed by the governor, and 
after marching through some of the principal streets we repaired to Fan- 
euil hall, where a bountiful collation awaited us, to which we rendered 
ample justice. .After the board was cleared, we were called to order, 
and a short time was spent in speech-making. INIuch was said in honor 
of the Massachusetts troops, for their bravery and valor. Therefore I 
will not comment, for the fact that the old Bay State has a history which 
the world knows by heart, and to tell my readers that Massachusetts sol- 
diers are brave and that they do their duty is to tell them what they al- 
ready know. Volumes could be written to show the loyalty, bravery 
and patriotism of the North and West. The Atlantic heard the cry, "To 
arms," Maine gave her choicest sons, California did not withhokl her 
jewels, Vermont, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Rhode Island were 
not in the background. All have done their duty. While I was listeh- 



134 RECORD OF THE 33i> MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

ing to the remarks which were being made, there was a sudden shout, 
and upon looking around, I beheld the boys swinging their caps and 
cheering in wild enthusiasm, "Hurrah for (Jol. Maggi." I soon joined 
the crowd, and such a hurly-burly, such indescribable joy, I never wit- 
nessed. It was a happy meeting, and amid the surging mass could be 
heard, "God bless my boys," "These are my chickens," "God bless 
you," and many other words were uttered from thankful hearts. The 
scene now closes ; we leave the hall and are ordered to fall in and go to 
camp at Readville. Getting permission from my orderly sergeant to 
step out of the ranks and converse with a friend whoni I had not seen 
for three years, I forgot to go back, and wended my way to Chelsea, 
Mass. I spent the night with my father and mother, whom I had not 
seen for a number of years previous to my going to the war. The next 
morning I started for Boston and took the cars for West Chelmsford, via 
Lowell, arriving at noon, after an absence of three years, and in the lan- 
guage of Burns, allow me to say : 



"'1 left the lines and tented lield, 
Where lang I'd been a lodger, 

My humble knapsack a' my wealth, 
A poor l)Ut honest sodger. 

.\t length I reached the bonnie glen. 
Where early life I sported; 

1 passed the mill and trysting thorn. 
Where Lizzie aft 1 courted; 

Wi' altered voice quo' I sweet lass, 
Sweet as yon havv'thorn's. blo.ssoni. 

Oh ! happy, happy may he be, 
That's dearest to thy bosom. 

Mv purse is light, I've far to .gang. 

Fain would I be thy lodger; 
I've served my King and country lang 

Take pity on a sodger. 

>>ae wistfully she ga/ed on me. 

And lovelier than ever; 
Quo she a sodger ance I lo'ed. 

Forget him I shall never. 

Our humble cot and homely fare. 

Ye freely shall partake o't. 
That gallant badge, the dear cockade. 

Ye're welcome for the sake o't. 

She gazed, she reddened like a rose. 

Syne pale like ony lily; 
She sank within my arms and cried. 

Art thou mv ain dear Willie? 



RECORD OF TIIK 33i. MASS. VOLUXTEKR INFANTRY. l-^r 

The wars are o'er, aiul I come hanie, 

And find thee still true-hearted; 
Though poor in gear, we're rich in love, 

And niair we'se ne'er he parted. 

For gold the nierciiaiU plows the nuiiii, 

The farmer plows the manor; 
But glory is the sodger's praise, 

The sodger's wealth, his honor. 

The l)ra\ e, poor sodger, ne'er des]jise. 

Nor count him as a stranger; 
Remcmbtr. he's his couiitrv^s stay 

In the day and hmii' of danger.'' 

Many and inii)Oitaut incidt- nts of my cairi[j life arc necessarily left out, 
but there is much that I have described which should be remembered 
through all time, and I think that by many it will never be forgotten. 
Of many other events connected with the closing of the war and the 
dawn of peace, which filled all hearts throughout the land with joy, and 
a great deal more, my diary does not speak. And last, but not least, 
we have reason to thank a kind Providence for the glorious achieve- 
ments of the Potomac Army, and impartial history will assign to it a high 
and noble place. Enough has been recorded in these pages to show 
that our army of the Union fought bravely and did not fight in vain. 
Our regiment flag now bears the names of Chancellorsville, Beverly 
Ford, Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, 
Resaca, Cassville, Dallas, Golgotha. (Gulp's Farm, Kenesaw Mountain, 
Peach Tree Creek, Atlanta, Savannah, Charleston, Averysboro, lienton- 
ville, Goldsboro and Raleigh, 20 in all, of which the 33d Mass. bore a 
victor's part. 

Eleven years have now passed since the difiiculties that were pending 
between the North and South were amicably settled, and during this 
time 1 find that the Union soldiers are exceedingly apt to leave the up- 
braiding of their late enemies to those who took good care to keep well 
out of the range of any strange bullets that miglit be flying, and the way 
that they have recompensed the boys in blue for their sufferings is by 
holding the "fat" offices of the State and the nation. lUit let it be re- 
membered by all who read these pages that no more thoroughly patriot- 
ic body of citizens, no stronger and truer men stand, to-day, on .Ameri- 
can soil than the veterans of the country's defense, and we believe that 
the time is not far distant when they will be willing, if called upon, to 
aid in promoting the welfare of the country which they suffered to save. 
I have been asked many times otn- opinion concerning the "living pres- 
ent ;" we can onlv answer by quoting the following lines, entitled 



136 RECORD OF THE 33d MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 

TO THE POINT. 

"Who marched to battle for the right 
When North and South began to hght. 
When darkness palled the land like night? 
The Soldier. 

Who smoked away his good cigar 
When battle grim showed many a scar. 
When freemen bled both near and far? 
The General. 

Who gave the general house and land. 
Who shook the general by the hand, 
Who made him President, high and grand? 
The People. 

Who asks for charity, some bread? 
The crippled soldier, he who bled; 
Who gets no bounty till he's dead? 
The Soldier." 

With the mention of the comrades of my regiment who were called 
into the service of the United States by the President for the term of 
three years, I will bring these pages to a close. 



E O S T E E 



OK THl-: 



THIRTY-THIRD REG'T 

HASSACIIUSEns VOLUNTEERS. 

CALLED LX'ic) TilE SERVICE OF THE 

UNITED STATES,' 

BY THE PRESIDENT, 

FR(J.M TME EIFTH DAY OF AUGUST, 1862, 

FOR THE TERM OF THREE YEARS. 



18 



138 



UOSTER OF THE 33o MASS. VOLUNTEER INFANTRY. 





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